Network
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Organisational unit: University
Clinical Psychology
Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies
Organisational unit: Sub_department
Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences
Organisational unit: Faculty
Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies
Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences
Organisational unit: Department
Health Technology Assessment (HTA)
Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management
Organisational unit: Department
Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management
Organisational unit: Faculty
External organisation
External organisation: Virtual organisation
University College London
External organisation: Academic
University of Brescia
External organisation: Academic
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
External organisation: Government
University of Milan
External organisation: Academic
University of Barcelona
External organisation: Academic
University of Oxford
External organisation: Academic
Karolinska University Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
IRCCS Fondazione Ca'Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico - Milano
External organisation: Medical
University of Western Ontario
External organisation: Unknown
KU Leuven
External organisation: Academic
University of Manchester
External organisation: Academic
Hospital Universitario Donostia
External organisation: Medical
University of Florence
External organisation: Academic
University of Toronto
External organisation: Academic
University of Tübingen
External organisation: Academic
Karolinska Institutet
External organisation: Academic
McGill University
External organisation: Academic
Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa
External organisation: Unknown
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center
External organisation: Unknown
Université de Lille
External organisation: Academic
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia
External organisation: Academic
Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière
External organisation: Unknown
McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
External organisation: Unknown
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
External organisation: Academic
University Duisburg-Essen
External organisation: Unknown
University of Coimbra
External organisation: Academic
Ulm University
External organisation: Academic
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
External organisation: Academic
IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta - Milano
External organisation: Medical
University Hospitals Leuven
External organisation: Medical
IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi - Milano
External organisation: Medical
University of Cambridge
External organisation: Academic
Imperial College London
External organisation: Academic
Leuven Brain Institute
External organisation: Unknown
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille
External organisation: Medical
Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra
External organisation: Unknown
Sorbonne Université
External organisation: Academic
Amsterdam UMC
External organisation: Medical
Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale
External organisation: Government
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
External organisation: Academic
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
External organisation: Medical
Hospital Clínic de Barcelona
External organisation: Unknown
VU University Medical Center - Taken over by Amsterdam UMC
External organisation: Medical
Toronto Western Hospital University of Toronto
External organisation: Unknown
Erasmus University Rotterdam
External organisation: Academic
IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori - Milano
External organisation: Medical
IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli - Brescia
External organisation: Medical
Sunnybrook Research Institute
External organisation: Unknown
Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)
External organisation: Unknown
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
External organisation: Unknown
Leiden University Medical Centre
External organisation: Medical
University of California at San Francisco
External organisation: Academic
Université Laval
External organisation: Academic
Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology
External organisation: Unknown
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
External organisation: Academic
Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)
External organisation: Unknown
Amsterdam UMC, Locatie VUmc
External organisation: Medical
The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg
External organisation: Unknown
Technical University of Munich
External organisation: Academic
University Medical Center Groningen
External organisation: Medical
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)
External organisation: Unknown
University Hospital Ulm
External organisation: Medical
UPenn School of Medicine
External organisation: Unknown
King's College London
External organisation: Academic
Brescia Civil Hospital
External organisation: Medical
Lund University
External organisation: Academic
Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience
External organisation: Government
University of Pennsylvania
External organisation: Academic
Sahlgrenska University Hospital
External organisation: Medical
Medical University of Vienna
External organisation: Academic
University Hospital Essen
External organisation: Medical
University of Antwerp
External organisation: Academic
Autonomous University of Barcelona
External organisation: Academic
Maastricht University
External organisation: Academic
Delft University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Université Paris-Saclay
External organisation: Academic
Columbia University
External organisation: Academic
Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL
External organisation: Medical
Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND)
External organisation: Unknown
University Hospital Bonn
External organisation: Medical
Radboud University Medical Center
External organisation: Medical
Medical School Hannover
External organisation: Unknown
University Hospital of Bordeaux
External organisation: Unknown
Skåne University Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Université de Rouen Normandie
External organisation: Unknown
University Health Network
External organisation: Medical
Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa
External organisation: Academic
Massachusetts General Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
University of Perugia
External organisation: Academic
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit
External organisation: Unknown
Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN
External organisation: Medical
IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi
External organisation: Medical
Leiden University
External organisation: Academic
University of Eastern Finland
External organisation: Academic
Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
External organisation: Academic
Van Andel Institute
External organisation: Academic
University Medical Centre Utrecht
External organisation: Medical
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
External organisation: Unknown
Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
External organisation: Academic
Cardiff University School of Medicine
External organisation: Unknown
McGill University Health Centre
External organisation: Unknown
Agostino Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS
External organisation: Unknown
The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging
External organisation: Unknown
ASST Brescia Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Leipzig University
External organisation: Academic
Klinikum der Universität München
External organisation: Unknown
University of California, San Francisco
External organisation: Unknown
Université de Bordeaux
External organisation: Academic
Universidade de Coimbra
External organisation: Unknown
Boston University
External organisation: Academic
August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute
External organisation: Academic
CHU Hôpitaux de Rouen
External organisation: Medical
Brunel University London
External organisation: Academic
Université de Bretagne Occidentale
External organisation: Academic
Western University
External organisation: Academic
CEU Universities
External organisation: Academic
Hospital Geral de Santo Antonio
External organisation: Medical
Wageningen University & Research
External organisation: Academic
Stanford University
External organisation: Academic
Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofía
External organisation: Medical
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia - Roma
External organisation: Medical
UCL Institute of Neurology
External organisation: Unknown
University of Gothenburg
External organisation: Academic
VIB
External organisation: Unknown
University Hospital Cologne
External organisation: Unknown
Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
External organisation: Unknown
University of Cologne
External organisation: Academic
University Hospitals of Geneva
External organisation: Unknown
Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau
External organisation: Unknown
Maasstad Hospital
External organisation: Medical
Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
External organisation: Unknown
Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
External organisation: Academic
Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla
External organisation: Medical
University Hospital Leipzig
External organisation: Unknown
University of Washington School of Medicine
External organisation: Academic
University G.d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara
External organisation: Unknown
Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio
External organisation: Medical
Universitá degli Studi di Torino
External organisation: Unknown
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
External organisation: Academic
University of Cambridge
External organisation: Unknown
Instituto de INvestigación Biosanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)
External organisation: Unknown
University of Camerino
External organisation: Academic
Het Van Weel-Bethesda General Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
University of Lübeck
External organisation: Academic
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
External organisation: Academic
University of Belgrade
External organisation: Academic
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
External organisation: Unknown
Oulu University Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
External organisation: Unknown
King's College London University
External organisation: Unknown
Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Pädiatrie I
External organisation: Unknown
University of Washington
External organisation: Academic
University of Southampton
External organisation: Academic
University of Nottingham
External organisation: Academic
CITA Alzheimer
External organisation: Unknown
Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte
External organisation: Medical
NHLBI’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study
External organisation: Unknown
University of Oslo
External organisation: Academic
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
External organisation: Unknown
Universität Marburg
External organisation: Unknown
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
External organisation: Unknown
University of Bonn
External organisation: Academic
University of Lisbon
External organisation: Academic
Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.
External organisation: Corporate
University of Copenhagen
External organisation: Academic
Institut Pasteur de Lille
External organisation: Academic
Spijkenisse Medical Center
External organisation: Unknown
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Indiana University School of Medicine
External organisation: Unknown
University of Bari Aldo Moro
External organisation: Academic
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
External organisation: Medical
UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
External organisation: Unknown
Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias
External organisation: Medical
Ulm University of Applied Sciences
External organisation: Academic
Cyprus; European University Medical School
External organisation: Unknown
Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases
External organisation: Medical
Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
External organisation: Unknown
Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
External organisation: Unknown
University of Amsterdam
External organisation: Academic
Rigshospitalet
External organisation: Medical
Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München
External organisation: Unknown
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
External organisation: Academic
Boston University School of Public Health
External organisation: Unknown
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
External organisation: Academic
Lund University
External organisation: Academic
Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
External organisation: Medical
Oslo University Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology
External organisation: Academic
University of Oulu
External organisation: Academic
Washington University St. Louis
External organisation: Academic
Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)
External organisation: Unknown
University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine
External organisation: Unknown
University of the Basque Country
External organisation: Academic
Universitaetsspital Basel
External organisation: Unknown
Hygeia Hospital
External organisation: Medical
University of Donostia
External organisation: Unknown
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa
External organisation: Unknown
University of California, Los Angeles
External organisation: Academic
Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research
External organisation: Unknown
Boston University School of Medicine
External organisation: Unknown
Worldwide Clinical Trials
External organisation: Unknown
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière
External organisation: Unknown
F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG
External organisation: Corporate
Bristol Medical School
External organisation: Academic
Alector
External organisation: Unknown
Cambridge Univ Trust
External organisation: Unknown
Spijkenisse MC
External organisation: Unknown
Hong Kong Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis
External organisation: Unknown
University of Aveiro
External organisation: Academic
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz
External organisation: Medical
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
External organisation: Medical
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
External organisation: Academic
University of Pavia
External organisation: Academic
KU Leuven, Academic Centre for Nursing & Midwifery
External organisation: Medical
Georgia State University
External organisation: Academic
University of Parma
External organisation: Academic
Sha Tin Government Offices
External organisation: Unknown
Bordeaux Population Health Centre de Recherche U1219
External organisation: Unknown
Santa Maria University Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders
External organisation: Academic
Life Molecular Imaging GmbH
External organisation: Unknown
Medical University of Graz
External organisation: Academic
Care Sciences and Society
External organisation: Unknown
Vito Fazzi Hospital
External organisation: Medical
La Paz University Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
King’s College Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Frequency Therapeutics
External organisation: Unknown
McGill University Genome Centre
External organisation: Unknown
Born-Bunge Institute
External organisation: Unknown
Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Helsinki University Central Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique
External organisation: Government
L'Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris
External organisation: Unknown
NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine
External organisation: Medical
Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience
External organisation: Medical
Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC)
External organisation: Unknown
Masaryk University
External organisation: Academic
Rostock University Medical Center
External organisation: Unknown
Kbo Inn Salzach Hosp
External organisation: Unknown
Amsterdam Public Health
External organisation: Unknown
Georgia Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
UMC Utrecht Brain Center
External organisation: Medical
Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida
External organisation: Academic
German Sport University Cologne
External organisation: Academic
Queen Mary University of London
External organisation: Academic
Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida
External organisation: Unknown
Case Western Reserve University
External organisation: Academic
The University of Melbourne
External organisation: Unknown
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania
External organisation: Academic
Michigan State University
External organisation: Academic
University of British Columbia
External organisation: Academic
Clinic for Neurology
External organisation: Unknown
Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
External organisation: Medical
Ghent University Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
External organisation: Medical
Pasqual Maragall Foundation
External organisation: Unknown
BioClinica Inc.
External organisation: Corporate
Laboratory for Advanced Hematological Diagnostics
External organisation: Unknown
Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-CIBERER-IDIS
External organisation: Medical
Charles University
External organisation: Academic
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
External organisation: Government
Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
External organisation: Unknown
Utrecht University
External organisation: Academic
Centro Hospitalar do Porto
External organisation: Unknown
Trinity College Dublin
External organisation: Academic
Fundacio Recerca Biomed & Social Mutua Terrassa
External organisation: Unknown
Hospital Universitario de Valme
External organisation: Medical
Cardiff University
External organisation: Academic
Normandie Université
External organisation: Academic
IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus
External organisation: Unknown
Amsterdam
External organisation: Unknown
Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND)
External organisation: Unknown
Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc.
External organisation: Unknown
Kuopio University Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology
External organisation: Unknown
HUGTP and IGTP
External organisation: Medical
University of Bristol
External organisation: Academic
Nuffield Department of Population Health Oxford University
External organisation: Unknown
Vincent Van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry
External organisation: Unknown
European Reference Network Rare Neurol Dis ERN RN
External organisation: Unknown
University of Wisconsin-Madison
External organisation: Academic
National Cancer Center Japan
External organisation: Government
Montreal Neurological Institute
External organisation: Unknown
Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Egas Moniz
External organisation: Unknown
Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin
External organisation: Unknown
Université Paris Cité
External organisation: Academic
CHU de Limoges
External organisation: Medical
University of Zurich (UZH)
External organisation: Unknown
University of Zurich
External organisation: Academic
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
External organisation: Academic
VUmc Alzheimer Center
External organisation: Medical
University of Geneva
External organisation: Academic
University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich
External organisation: Unknown
LACDR, Leiden
External organisation: Unknown
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
External organisation: Unknown
University Hospital Lausanne
External organisation: Unknown
Centre for Cognition Computation and Modelling Birkbeck College University of London London UK
External organisation: Unknown
Emory University School of Medicine
External organisation: Unknown
iBiMED
External organisation: Unknown
Medical Research Council
External organisation: Government
CHU Bordeaux
External organisation: Unknown
University of Granada
External organisation: Academic
Arkuda Therapeutics
External organisation: Unknown
Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg
External organisation: Academic
Quantib BV
External organisation: Unknown
Hospital Clinic de Barcelona and University of Barcelona
External organisation: Unknown
Innsbruck Medical University
External organisation: Academic
Universite Paris Cite
External organisation: Unknown
University of Erlangen Nuremberg
External organisation: Unknown
Krembil Research Institute
External organisation: Unknown
Parkinson’s Disease Rehabilitation Centre
External organisation: Unknown
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
External organisation: Unknown
FORUM Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
External organisation: Unknown
Swedish FTD Initiative
External organisation: Unknown
University of Duisburg-Essen
External organisation: Academic
TX
External organisation: Unknown
Heidelberg University
External organisation: Academic
Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis
External organisation: Unknown
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
External organisation: Unknown
Harvard Medical School
External organisation: Unknown
Athira Pharma Inc
External organisation: Unknown
Universite Paris Saclay
External organisation: Unknown
SyNergy
External organisation: Unknown
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine
External organisation: Unknown
Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Paris
External organisation: Medical
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
External organisation: Academic
Université de Strasbourg
External organisation: Academic
University "La Statale" di Milan
External organisation: Academic
Vestfold Hospital Trust
External organisation: Medical
University Hospital Würzburg
External organisation: Medical
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
External organisation: Medical
Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche
External organisation: Academic
Leuven Brain Inst
External organisation: Unknown
Reference Centre for Rare or Early Dementias
External organisation: Unknown
Norwegian National Centre for Ageing & Health
External organisation: Medical
The University of Sydney
External organisation: Unknown
German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases
External organisation: Unknown
Université Montpellier
External organisation: Unknown
St. James’s Hospital
External organisation: Medical
Clinical Center of Serbia
External organisation: Medical
St. Antonius Ziekenhuis
External organisation: Medical
Bergen University Medical School
External organisation: Unknown
University of Saskatchewan
External organisation: Academic
CHU Timone
External organisation: Unknown
Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli - IRCCS
External organisation: Medical
Canadian Sports Concussion Project
External organisation: Unknown
Inserm U1061
External organisation: Unknown
Stockholm University
External organisation: Academic
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
External organisation: Unknown
Osaka University
External organisation: Academic
Berry Consultants
External organisation: Unknown
Université Lille
External organisation: Unknown
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
External organisation: Academic
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School
External organisation: Medical
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
External organisation: Medical
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
External organisation: Academic
University of Melbourne
External organisation: Academic
Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC
External organisation: Unknown
London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDowns)
External organisation: Unknown
Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa
External organisation: Unknown
University of Málaga
External organisation: Academic
Royal University Hospital (Saskatoon)
External organisation: Medical
CNR-MAJ
External organisation: Unknown
Nantes Université
External organisation: Academic
University of Cagliari
External organisation: Academic
University of California at San Diego
External organisation: Academic
McGill University and the McGill University Health Center Research Institute
External organisation: Unknown
University of Göttingen
External organisation: Academic
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
External organisation: Academic
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
External organisation: Academic
Medical University of Bialystok
External organisation: Unknown
Universitario A. Gemelli
External organisation: Unknown
Sagamihara National Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Complex Unit of Geriatrics
External organisation: Unknown
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
External organisation: Government
CIBERNED
External organisation: Unknown
Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience
External organisation: Unknown
LLC
External organisation: Unknown
Baylor College of Medicine
External organisation: Academic
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
External organisation: Academic
ROME Therapeutics
External organisation: Unknown
University of Otago
External organisation: Academic
Reinier van Arkel
External organisation: Unknown
Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.)
External organisation: Unknown
GGZ Centraal Psychiatric Center
External organisation: Unknown
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
External organisation: Unknown
University of Navarra
External organisation: Academic
ASST Spedali Civili Brescia
External organisation: Unknown
ASP-CZ
External organisation: Unknown
Bluefield Project to Cure FTD
External organisation: Unknown
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
External organisation: Academic
National Institutes of Health
External organisation: Government
University of Milan - Bicocca
External organisation: Academic
Voyager Therapeutics
External organisation: Corporate
Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Hospital
External organisation: Medical
Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin
External organisation: Medical
Erasmus University Medical Center
External organisation: Academic
Jülich Research Centre
External organisation: Government
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
External organisation: Medical
inviCRO
External organisation: Unknown
Centre Hospitalier Yves Le Foll
External organisation: Unknown
Metera Pharmaceuticals
External organisation: Unknown
Medical University Sofia
External organisation: Academic
Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
External organisation: Medical
Genentech Incorporated
External organisation: Corporate
University of Helsinki
External organisation: Academic
Aichi Medical University
External organisation: Academic
University Hospital Donostia
External organisation: Unknown
Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar
External organisation: Unknown
Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association
External organisation: Government
McLean Hospital
External organisation: Unknown
Wave Life Sciences
External organisation: Unknown
Eisai Co Ltd
External organisation: Unknown
University Hospital “Sv Ivan Rilski”
External organisation: Unknown
Aix-Marseille Université
External organisation: Academic
Stavanger University Hospital
External organisation: Medical
Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland
External organisation: Unknown
University Medicine Greifswald
External organisation: Medical
Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa
External organisation: Unknown
Uppsala University
External organisation: Academic
Beatrix Children’s Hospital
External organisation: Medical
Konica Minolta Inc
External organisation: Corporate
Johns Hopkins University
External organisation: Academic
Klinik Lengg AG
External organisation: Unknown
University of Leicester
External organisation: Academic
OSATEK
External organisation: Unknown
University of Miami
External organisation: Academic
University of North Florida
External organisation: Academic
Université de Montpellier
External organisation: Academic
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
External organisation: Unknown
The University of Western Ontario, Richard Ivey School of Busines
External organisation: Unknown