从“公私观”视角理解中国农村集体

This study explores the concept of the "public-private view" in relation to three aspects: China's rural collectives, the populace (shengmin), and shengmin society.
(1) Understanding the "public-private view": In the history of Chinese thought, the "public-private view" carries rich ethical value and has gradually shifted from the mainstream notion of "establishing the public and eliminating the private" to a more inclusive recognition of the rationality of private interests.
(2) The "public-private view" in rural collective practices: This perspective manifests and influences China's rural collective practices across various dimensions, including land systems, village politics, beliefs and rituals, rural economies, and village organizations such as associations and guilds.
(3) The concept of shengmin and shengmin society: Shengmin is a key concept in the history of Chinese thought, particularly reflected in the cooperative mechanisms within shengmin society. This provides significant insights for grassroots societal construction, complementing the state's top-down approach to advancing socialist development.

本课题从“公私观”与中国农村集体、生民及生民社会三个层面进行了讨论。(1)关于“公私观”的认识。中国思想史中“公私观”具有丰富的伦理价值内涵，并从“立公灭私”主流认 识逐渐转向包容和承认“私”的一定合理性。(2)“公私观”视角从不同维度体现并影响中国农 村集体实践，主要表现在土地制度、乡里政治与信仰和仪式、乡村经济、乡村“会”等。(3) 关于生民及生民社会。生民是中国思想史中的一个重要概念，主要体现在生民社会的民间合作 机制，对国家自上而下推动社会主义建设中重视自下而上的生民社会建设具有重要启发意义。