A novel gaze-based visual search task for children with CVI: A twin study

Visual search is often impaired in children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI), but the current assessment of visual search performance is limited. This study aimed to investigate underlying visual search processes in detail by including gaze-based measurements. Twin brothers (age 11.8 years), one diagnosed with CVI and one with neurotypical development, underwent a newly developed conjunction visual search task while simultaneously their gaze was recorded. In addition to speed and accuracy, we analyzed additional timing and spatial parameters of the search process before and after their initial fixation in the target area. The twin with CVI had good visual sensory functions, but impaired search performance indicated by longer search time and larger search areas. Also, it was observed that in more difficult task conditions, he tended to miss the target, even when fixating on it. These results point towards higher-order visual deficits. This study gives insight into the visual search challenges of a child with CVI. Mapping the search process in detail provided new and distinctive information that can shape more tailored support. Coupling verbal and nonverbal gaze-based outcomes is a promising first step towards a more inclusive nonverbal and nonmotor assessment.