Active surveillance in patients with a complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal- and gastroesophageal junction cancer

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal- and gastroesophageal junction cancer induces tumor regression. In approximately one fourth of patients, this leads to a pathological complete response in the resection specimen. Hence, active surveillance may be an alternative strategy in patients without residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Previous studies have shown that the combination of esophagogastroduodenoscopy with bite-on-bite biopsies, endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of suspected lymph nodes, and a PET-CT-scan can be considered adequate for the detection of residual disease. So far, it has been unclear whether active surveillance with surgery as needed is a safe treatment option and leads to non-inferior overall survival compared to standard esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. This review will discuss the current status of active surveillance for esophageal and junctional cancer.