Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with cord blood versus mismatched unrelated donor with post-transplant cyclophosphamide in acute myeloid leukemia

Bhagirathbhai Dholaria*, Myriam Labopin, Jaime Sanz, Annalisa Ruggeri, Jan Cornelissen, Hélène Labussière-Wallet, Didier Blaise, Edouard Forcade, Patrice Chevallier, Anna Grassi, Ludmila Zubarovskaya, Jürgen Kuball, Patrice Ceballos, Fabio Ciceri, Frederic Baron, Bipin N. Savani, Arnon Nagler, Mohamad Mohty

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

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Abstract

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) using a mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) and cord blood transplantation (CBT) are valid alternatives for patients without a fully human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor. Here, we compared the allo-HCT outcomes of CBT versus single-allele-mismatched MMUD allo-HCT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in acute myeloid leukemia. Methods: Patients who underwent a first CBT without PTCy (N = 902) or allo-HCT from a (HLA 9/10) MMUD with PTCy (N = 280) were included in the study. A multivariate regression analysis was performed for the whole population. A matched-pair analysis was carried out by propensity score-based 1:1 matching of patients (177 pairs) with known cytogenetic risk. Results: The incidence of grade II–IV and grade III–IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at 6 months was 36% versus 32% (p = 0.07) and 15% versus 11% (p = 0.16) for CBT and MMUD cohorts, respectively. CBT was associated with a higher incidence of graft failure (11% vs. 4%, p < 0.01) and higher 2-year non-relapse mortality (NRM) (30% vs. 16%, p < 0.01) compared to MMUD. In the multivariate analysis, CBT was associated with a higher risk of, NRM (HR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.46–2.99, p < 0.0001), and relapse (HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1–1.83, p = 0.05), which resulted in worse leukemia-free survival (LFS) (HR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.34–2.12, p < 0.0001), overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.33–2.17, p < 0.0001), and GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) (HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.21–1.83, p < 0.0001) compared to MMUD. The risk of grade II–IV acute GVHD (p = 0.052) and chronic GVHD (p = 0.69) did not differ significantly between the cohorts. These results were confirmed in a matched-pair analysis. Conclusions: CBT was associated with lower LFS, OS, and GRFS due to higher NRM, compared to MMUD allo-HCT with PTCy. In the absence of a fully matched donor, 9/10 MMUD with PTCy may be preferred over CBT.

Original languageEnglish
Article number76
JournalJournal of Hematology and Oncology
Volume14
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 3 May 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We sincerely thank the centers of the EBMT and national registries for contributing patient information and for data collection. Supporting information is available at the EBMT Web site (www.ebmt.org). Reporting institutions included in this study are available in Online Supporting Information Appendix. Presented as an abstract at 62nd American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting, December 2020.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).

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