Analytical assay validation for acute myeloid leukemia measurable residual disease assessment by multiparametric flow cytometry

Jesse M. Tettero, Naveen Dakappagari, Maaike E. Heidinga, Yvonne Oussoren-Brockhoff, Diana Hanekamp, Anil Pahuja, Kerri Burns, Pavinder Kaur, Zeni Alfonso, Vincent H.J. van der Velden, Jeroen G. te Marvelde, Willemijn Hobo, Jennichjen Slomp, Costa Bachas, Angele Kelder, Kevin Nguyen, Jacqueline Cloos*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)
53 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background: 

Measurable residual disease (MRD) assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) has gained importance in clinical decision-making for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, complying with the recent In Vitro Diagnostic Regulations (IVDR) in Europe and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance in the United States requires rigorous validation prior to their use in investigational clinical trials and diagnostics. Validating AML MRD-MFC assays poses challenges due to the unique underlying disease biology and paucity of patient specimens. In this study, we describe an experimental framework for validation that meets regulatory expectations. 

Methods: 

Our validation efforts focused on evaluating assay accuracy, analytical specificity, analytical and functional sensitivity (limit of blank (LoB), detection (LLoD) and quantitation (LLoQ)), precision, linearity, sample/reagent stability and establishing the assay background frequencies. 

Results: 

Correlation between different MFC methods was highly significant (r = 0.99 for %blasts and r = 0.93 for %LAIPs). The analysis of LAIP specificity accurately discriminated from negative control cells. The assay demonstrated a LoB of 0.03, LLoD of 0.04, and LLoQ of 0.1%. Precision experiments yielded highly reproducible results (Coefficient of Variation <20%). Stability experiments demonstrated reliable measurement of samples up to 96 h from collection. Furthermore, the reference range of LAIP frequencies in non-AML patients was below 0.1%, ranging from 0.0% to 0.04%.

Conclusion:

 In this manuscript, we present the validation of an AML MFC-MRD assay using BM/PB patient specimens, adhering to best practices. Our approach is expected to assist other laboratories in expediting their validation activities to fulfill recent health authority guidelines.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)426-439
Number of pages14
JournalCytometry Part B - Clinical Cytometry
Volume104
Issue number6
Early online date28 Sept 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Nov 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society.

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