Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data

MV Holmes; CE Dale; L Zuccolo; RJ Silverwood; Y Guo; Z Ye; D Prieto-Merino; Abbas Dehghan; S Trompet; A Wong; A Cavadino; D Drogan; S Padmanabhan; Shan Li; A Yesupriya; M Leusink; J Sundstrom; JA Hubacek; H Pikhart; DI Swerdlow; AG Panayiotou; SA Borinskaya; C Finan; S Shah; KB Kuchenbaecker; T Shah; J Engmann; L Folkersen; P Eriksson; F Ricceri; O Melander; C Sacerdote; DM Gamble; S Rayaprolu; OA Ross; S McLachlan; O Vikhireva; Iris Sluijs; RA Scott; V Adamkova; L Flicker; FM van Bockxmeer; C Power; P Marques-Vidal; T Meade; MG Marmot; JM Ferro; S Paulos-Pinheiro; SE Humphries; PJ Talmud; IM Leach; N (Niek) Verweij; A Linneberg; T Skaaby; PA Doevendans; MJ Cramer; P van der Harst; OH Klungel; NF Dowling; AF Dominiczak; M Kumari; AN Nicolaides; C Weikert; H Boeing; S Ebrahim; TR Gaunt; JF Price; L Lannfelt; A Peasey; R Kubinova; A Pajak; S Malyutina; MI Voevoda; A Tamosiunas; AH Zee; PE Norman; GJ Hankey; MM Bergmann; Bert Hofman; OH Franco Duran; J Cooper; J Palmen; W Spiering; PA Jong; D Kuh; R Hardy; André Uitterlinden; Arfan Ikram; I Ford; E Hyppoenen; OP Almeida; NJ Wareham; KT Khaw; A Hamsten; LLN Husemoen; A Tjonneland; JS Tolstrup; E Rimm; JWJ Beulens; WMM Verschuren; NC Onland-Moret; MH Hofker; SG Wannamethee; PH Whincup; R Morris; AM Vicente; H Watkins; M Farrall; JW Jukema; J Meschia; LA Cupples; SJ Sharp; M Fornage; C Kooperberg; AZ Lacroix; JY Dai; MB Lanktree; DS Siscovick; E Jorgenson; B Spring; J Coresh; YR Li; SG Buxbaum; PJ Schreiner; RC Ellison; MY Tsai; SR Patel; S Redline; AD Johnson; RC Hoogeveen; JI Rotter; E Boerwinkle; PIW de Bakker; M Kivimaki; FW Asselbergs; N Sattar; DA Lawlor; J Whittaker; GD Smith; K Mukamal; BM Psaty; JG Wilson; LA Lange; A Hamidovic; AD Hingorani; BG Nordestgaard; M Bobak; DA Leon; C Langenberg; TM Palmer; AP Reiner; BJ Keating; F Dudbridge; JP Casas

doi:10.1136/bmj.g4164

Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data

MV Holmes, CE Dale, L Zuccolo, RJ Silverwood, Y Guo, Z Ye, D Prieto-Merino, Abbas Dehghan, S Trompet, A Wong, A Cavadino, D Drogan, S Padmanabhan, Shan Li, A Yesupriya, M Leusink, J Sundstrom, JA Hubacek, H Pikhart, DI SwerdlowAG Panayiotou, SA Borinskaya, C Finan, S Shah, KB Kuchenbaecker, T Shah, J Engmann, L Folkersen, P Eriksson, F Ricceri, O Melander, C Sacerdote, DM Gamble, S Rayaprolu, OA Ross, S McLachlan, O Vikhireva, Iris Sluijs, RA Scott, V Adamkova, L Flicker, FM van Bockxmeer, C Power, P Marques-Vidal, T Meade, MG Marmot, JM Ferro, S Paulos-Pinheiro, SE Humphries, PJ Talmud, IM Leach, N (Niek) Verweij, A Linneberg, T Skaaby, PA Doevendans, MJ Cramer, P van der Harst, OH Klungel, NF Dowling, AF Dominiczak, M Kumari, AN Nicolaides, C Weikert, H Boeing, S Ebrahim, TR Gaunt, JF Price, L Lannfelt, A Peasey, R Kubinova, A Pajak, S Malyutina, MI Voevoda, A Tamosiunas, AH Zee, PE Norman, GJ Hankey, MM Bergmann, Bert Hofman, OH Franco Duran, J Cooper, J Palmen, W Spiering, PA Jong, D Kuh, R Hardy, André Uitterlinden, Arfan Ikram, I Ford, E Hyppoenen, OP Almeida, NJ Wareham, KT Khaw, A Hamsten, LLN Husemoen, A Tjonneland, JS Tolstrup, E Rimm, JWJ Beulens, WMM Verschuren, NC Onland-Moret, MH Hofker, SG Wannamethee, PH Whincup, R Morris, AM Vicente, H Watkins, M Farrall, JW Jukema, J Meschia, LA Cupples, SJ Sharp, M Fornage, C Kooperberg, AZ Lacroix, JY Dai, MB Lanktree, DS Siscovick, E Jorgenson, B Spring, J Coresh, YR Li, SG Buxbaum, PJ Schreiner, RC Ellison, MY Tsai, SR Patel, S Redline, AD Johnson, RC Hoogeveen, JI Rotter, E Boerwinkle, PIW de Bakker, M Kivimaki, FW Asselbergs, N Sattar, DA Lawlor, J Whittaker, GD Smith, K Mukamal, BM Psaty, JG Wilson, LA Lange, A Hamidovic, AD Hingorani, BG Nordestgaard, M Bobak, DA Leon, C Langenberg, TM Palmer, AP Reiner, BJ Keating, F Dudbridge, JP Casas

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Abstract

Objective To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. Design Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. Participants 261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 coronary heart disease cases and 10 164 stroke events. Data were available on ADH1B rs1229984 variant, alcohol phenotypes, and cardiovascular biomarkers. Main outcome measures Odds ratio for coronary heart disease and stroke associated with the ADH1B variant in all individuals and by categories of alcohol consumption. Results Carriers of the A-allele of ADH1B rs1229984 consumed 17.2% fewer units of alcohol per week (95% confidence interval 15.6% to 18.9%), had a lower prevalence of binge drinking (odds ratio 0.78 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.84)), and had higher abstention (odds ratio 1.27 (1.21 to 1.34)) than non-carriers. Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower systolic blood pressure (-0.88 (-1.19 to -0.56) mm Hg), interleukin-6 levels (-5.2% (-7.8 to -2.4%)), waist circumference (-0.3 (-0.6 to -0.1) cm), and body mass index (-0.17 (-0.24 to -0.10) kg/m(2)). Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower odds of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96)). The protective association of the ADH1B rs1229984 A-allele variant remained the same across all categories of alcohol consumption (P= 0.83 for heterogeneity). Although no association of rs1229984 was identified with the combined subtypes of stroke, carriers of the A-allele had lower odds of ischaemic stroke (odds ratio 0.83 (0.72 to 0.95)). Conclusions Individuals with a genetic variant associated with non-drinking and lower alcohol consumption had a more favourable cardiovascular profile and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease than those without the genetic variant. This suggests that reduction of alcohol consumption, even for light to moderate drinkers, is beneficial for cardiovascular health.

Original language	Undefined/Unknown
Journal	BMJ-British medical journal
Volume	349
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4164
Publication status	Published - 2014

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EMC NIHES-01-64-01

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Cite this

Holmes, MV., Dale, CE., Zuccolo, L., Silverwood, RJ., Guo, Y., Ye, Z., Prieto-Merino, D., Dehghan, A., Trompet, S., Wong, A., Cavadino, A., Drogan, D., Padmanabhan, S., Li, S., Yesupriya, A., Leusink, M., Sundstrom, J., Hubacek, JA., Pikhart, H., ... Casas, JP. (2014). Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data. BMJ-British medical journal, 349. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4164

@article{541be2a75ca240b1aae47e3919748bd8,

title = "Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data",

abstract = "Objective To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. Design Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. Participants 261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 coronary heart disease cases and 10 164 stroke events. Data were available on ADH1B rs1229984 variant, alcohol phenotypes, and cardiovascular biomarkers. Main outcome measures Odds ratio for coronary heart disease and stroke associated with the ADH1B variant in all individuals and by categories of alcohol consumption. Results Carriers of the A-allele of ADH1B rs1229984 consumed 17.2% fewer units of alcohol per week (95% confidence interval 15.6% to 18.9%), had a lower prevalence of binge drinking (odds ratio 0.78 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.84)), and had higher abstention (odds ratio 1.27 (1.21 to 1.34)) than non-carriers. Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower systolic blood pressure (-0.88 (-1.19 to -0.56) mm Hg), interleukin-6 levels (-5.2% (-7.8 to -2.4%)), waist circumference (-0.3 (-0.6 to -0.1) cm), and body mass index (-0.17 (-0.24 to -0.10) kg/m(2)). Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower odds of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96)). The protective association of the ADH1B rs1229984 A-allele variant remained the same across all categories of alcohol consumption (P= 0.83 for heterogeneity). Although no association of rs1229984 was identified with the combined subtypes of stroke, carriers of the A-allele had lower odds of ischaemic stroke (odds ratio 0.83 (0.72 to 0.95)). Conclusions Individuals with a genetic variant associated with non-drinking and lower alcohol consumption had a more favourable cardiovascular profile and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease than those without the genetic variant. This suggests that reduction of alcohol consumption, even for light to moderate drinkers, is beneficial for cardiovascular health.",

author = "MV Holmes and CE Dale and L Zuccolo and RJ Silverwood and Y Guo and Z Ye and D Prieto-Merino and Abbas Dehghan and S Trompet and A Wong and A Cavadino and D Drogan and S Padmanabhan and Shan Li and A Yesupriya and M Leusink and J Sundstrom and JA Hubacek and H Pikhart and DI Swerdlow and AG Panayiotou and SA Borinskaya and C Finan and S Shah and KB Kuchenbaecker and T Shah and J Engmann and L Folkersen and P Eriksson and F Ricceri and O Melander and C Sacerdote and DM Gamble and S Rayaprolu and OA Ross and S McLachlan and O Vikhireva and Iris Sluijs and RA Scott and V Adamkova and L Flicker and {van Bockxmeer}, FM and C Power and P Marques-Vidal and T Meade and MG Marmot and JM Ferro and S Paulos-Pinheiro and SE Humphries and PJ Talmud and IM Leach and Verweij, {N (Niek)} and A Linneberg and T Skaaby and PA Doevendans and MJ Cramer and {van der Harst}, P and OH Klungel and NF Dowling and AF Dominiczak and M Kumari and AN Nicolaides and C Weikert and H Boeing and S Ebrahim and TR Gaunt and JF Price and L Lannfelt and A Peasey and R Kubinova and A Pajak and S Malyutina and MI Voevoda and A Tamosiunas and AH Zee and PE Norman and GJ Hankey and MM Bergmann and Bert Hofman and {Franco Duran}, OH and J Cooper and J Palmen and W Spiering and PA Jong and D Kuh and R Hardy and Andr{\'e} Uitterlinden and Arfan Ikram and I Ford and E Hyppoenen and OP Almeida and NJ Wareham and KT Khaw and A Hamsten and LLN Husemoen and A Tjonneland and JS Tolstrup and E Rimm and JWJ Beulens and WMM Verschuren and NC Onland-Moret and MH Hofker and SG Wannamethee and PH Whincup and R Morris and AM Vicente and H Watkins and M Farrall and JW Jukema and J Meschia and LA Cupples and SJ Sharp and M Fornage and C Kooperberg and AZ Lacroix and JY Dai and MB Lanktree and DS Siscovick and E Jorgenson and B Spring and J Coresh and YR Li and SG Buxbaum and PJ Schreiner and RC Ellison and MY Tsai and SR Patel and S Redline and AD Johnson and RC Hoogeveen and JI Rotter and E Boerwinkle and {de Bakker}, PIW and M Kivimaki and FW Asselbergs and N Sattar and DA Lawlor and J Whittaker and GD Smith and K Mukamal and BM Psaty and JG Wilson and LA Lange and A Hamidovic and AD Hingorani and BG Nordestgaard and M Bobak and DA Leon and C Langenberg and TM Palmer and AP Reiner and BJ Keating and F Dudbridge and JP Casas",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1136/bmj.g4164",

language = "Undefined/Unknown",

volume = "349",

journal = "BMJ-British medical journal",

issn = "1756-1833",

publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",

}

Holmes, MV, Dale, CE, Zuccolo, L, Silverwood, RJ, Guo, Y, Ye, Z, Prieto-Merino, D, Dehghan, A, Trompet, S, Wong, A, Cavadino, A, Drogan, D, Padmanabhan, S, Li, S, Yesupriya, A, Leusink, M, Sundstrom, J, Hubacek, JA, Pikhart, H, Swerdlow, DI, Panayiotou, AG, Borinskaya, SA, Finan, C, Shah, S, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Shah, T, Engmann, J, Folkersen, L, Eriksson, P, Ricceri, F, Melander, O, Sacerdote, C, Gamble, DM, Rayaprolu, S, Ross, OA, McLachlan, S, Vikhireva, O, Sluijs, I, Scott, RA, Adamkova, V, Flicker, L, van Bockxmeer, FM, Power, C, Marques-Vidal, P, Meade, T, Marmot, MG, Ferro, JM, Paulos-Pinheiro, S, Humphries, SE, Talmud, PJ, Leach, IM, Verweij, N, Linneberg, A, Skaaby, T, Doevendans, PA, Cramer, MJ, van der Harst, P, Klungel, OH, Dowling, NF, Dominiczak, AF, Kumari, M, Nicolaides, AN, Weikert, C, Boeing, H, Ebrahim, S, Gaunt, TR, Price, JF, Lannfelt, L, Peasey, A, Kubinova, R, Pajak, A, Malyutina, S, Voevoda, MI, Tamosiunas, A, Zee, AH, Norman, PE, Hankey, GJ, Bergmann, MM, Hofman, B, Franco Duran, OH, Cooper, J, Palmen, J, Spiering, W, Jong, PA, Kuh, D, Hardy, R, Uitterlinden, A , Ikram, A, Ford, I, Hyppoenen, E, Almeida, OP, Wareham, NJ, Khaw, KT, Hamsten, A, Husemoen, LLN, Tjonneland, A, Tolstrup, JS, Rimm, E, Beulens, JWJ, Verschuren, WMM, Onland-Moret, NC, Hofker, MH, Wannamethee, SG, Whincup, PH, Morris, R, Vicente, AM, Watkins, H, Farrall, M, Jukema, JW, Meschia, J, Cupples, LA, Sharp, SJ, Fornage, M, Kooperberg, C, Lacroix, AZ, Dai, JY, Lanktree, MB, Siscovick, DS, Jorgenson, E, Spring, B, Coresh, J, Li, YR, Buxbaum, SG, Schreiner, PJ, Ellison, RC, Tsai, MY, Patel, SR, Redline, S, Johnson, AD, Hoogeveen, RC, Rotter, JI, Boerwinkle, E, de Bakker, PIW, Kivimaki, M, Asselbergs, FW, Sattar, N, Lawlor, DA, Whittaker, J, Smith, GD, Mukamal, K, Psaty, BM, Wilson, JG, Lange, LA, Hamidovic, A, Hingorani, AD, Nordestgaard, BG, Bobak, M, Leon, DA, Langenberg, C, Palmer, TM, Reiner, AP, Keating, BJ, Dudbridge, F & Casas, JP 2014, 'Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data', BMJ-British medical journal, vol. 349. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4164

TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data

AU - Holmes, MV

AU - Dale, CE

AU - Zuccolo, L

AU - Silverwood, RJ

AU - Guo, Y

AU - Ye, Z

AU - Prieto-Merino, D

AU - Dehghan, Abbas

AU - Trompet, S

AU - Wong, A

AU - Cavadino, A

AU - Drogan, D

AU - Padmanabhan, S

AU - Li, Shan

AU - Yesupriya, A

AU - Leusink, M

AU - Sundstrom, J

AU - Hubacek, JA

AU - Pikhart, H

AU - Swerdlow, DI

AU - Panayiotou, AG

AU - Borinskaya, SA

AU - Finan, C

AU - Shah, S

AU - Kuchenbaecker, KB

AU - Shah, T

AU - Engmann, J

AU - Folkersen, L

AU - Eriksson, P

AU - Ricceri, F

AU - Melander, O

AU - Sacerdote, C

AU - Gamble, DM

AU - Rayaprolu, S

AU - Ross, OA

AU - McLachlan, S

AU - Vikhireva, O

AU - Sluijs, Iris

AU - Scott, RA

AU - Adamkova, V

AU - Flicker, L

AU - van Bockxmeer, FM

AU - Power, C

AU - Marques-Vidal, P

AU - Meade, T

AU - Marmot, MG

AU - Ferro, JM

AU - Paulos-Pinheiro, S

AU - Humphries, SE

AU - Talmud, PJ

AU - Leach, IM

AU - Verweij, N (Niek)

AU - Linneberg, A

AU - Skaaby, T

AU - Doevendans, PA

AU - Cramer, MJ

AU - van der Harst, P

AU - Klungel, OH

AU - Dowling, NF

AU - Dominiczak, AF

AU - Kumari, M

AU - Nicolaides, AN

AU - Weikert, C

AU - Boeing, H

AU - Ebrahim, S

AU - Gaunt, TR

AU - Price, JF

AU - Lannfelt, L

AU - Peasey, A

AU - Kubinova, R

AU - Pajak, A

AU - Malyutina, S

AU - Voevoda, MI

AU - Tamosiunas, A

AU - Zee, AH

AU - Norman, PE

AU - Hankey, GJ

AU - Bergmann, MM

AU - Hofman, Bert

AU - Franco Duran, OH

AU - Cooper, J

AU - Palmen, J

AU - Spiering, W

AU - Jong, PA

AU - Kuh, D

AU - Hardy, R

AU - Uitterlinden, André

AU - Ikram, Arfan

AU - Ford, I

AU - Hyppoenen, E

AU - Almeida, OP

AU - Wareham, NJ

AU - Khaw, KT

AU - Hamsten, A

AU - Husemoen, LLN

AU - Tjonneland, A

AU - Tolstrup, JS

AU - Rimm, E

AU - Beulens, JWJ

AU - Verschuren, WMM

AU - Onland-Moret, NC

AU - Hofker, MH

AU - Wannamethee, SG

AU - Whincup, PH

AU - Morris, R

AU - Vicente, AM

AU - Watkins, H

AU - Farrall, M

AU - Jukema, JW

AU - Meschia, J

AU - Cupples, LA

AU - Sharp, SJ

AU - Fornage, M

AU - Kooperberg, C

AU - Lacroix, AZ

AU - Dai, JY

AU - Lanktree, MB

AU - Siscovick, DS

AU - Jorgenson, E

AU - Spring, B

AU - Coresh, J

AU - Li, YR

AU - Buxbaum, SG

AU - Schreiner, PJ

AU - Ellison, RC

AU - Tsai, MY

AU - Patel, SR

AU - Redline, S

AU - Johnson, AD

AU - Hoogeveen, RC

AU - Rotter, JI

AU - Boerwinkle, E

AU - de Bakker, PIW

AU - Kivimaki, M

AU - Asselbergs, FW

AU - Sattar, N

AU - Lawlor, DA

AU - Whittaker, J

AU - Smith, GD

AU - Mukamal, K

AU - Psaty, BM

AU - Wilson, JG

AU - Lange, LA

AU - Hamidovic, A

AU - Hingorani, AD

AU - Nordestgaard, BG

AU - Bobak, M

AU - Leon, DA

AU - Langenberg, C

AU - Palmer, TM

AU - Reiner, AP

AU - Keating, BJ

AU - Dudbridge, F

AU - Casas, JP

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - Objective To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. Design Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. Participants 261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 coronary heart disease cases and 10 164 stroke events. Data were available on ADH1B rs1229984 variant, alcohol phenotypes, and cardiovascular biomarkers. Main outcome measures Odds ratio for coronary heart disease and stroke associated with the ADH1B variant in all individuals and by categories of alcohol consumption. Results Carriers of the A-allele of ADH1B rs1229984 consumed 17.2% fewer units of alcohol per week (95% confidence interval 15.6% to 18.9%), had a lower prevalence of binge drinking (odds ratio 0.78 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.84)), and had higher abstention (odds ratio 1.27 (1.21 to 1.34)) than non-carriers. Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower systolic blood pressure (-0.88 (-1.19 to -0.56) mm Hg), interleukin-6 levels (-5.2% (-7.8 to -2.4%)), waist circumference (-0.3 (-0.6 to -0.1) cm), and body mass index (-0.17 (-0.24 to -0.10) kg/m(2)). Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower odds of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96)). The protective association of the ADH1B rs1229984 A-allele variant remained the same across all categories of alcohol consumption (P= 0.83 for heterogeneity). Although no association of rs1229984 was identified with the combined subtypes of stroke, carriers of the A-allele had lower odds of ischaemic stroke (odds ratio 0.83 (0.72 to 0.95)). Conclusions Individuals with a genetic variant associated with non-drinking and lower alcohol consumption had a more favourable cardiovascular profile and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease than those without the genetic variant. This suggests that reduction of alcohol consumption, even for light to moderate drinkers, is beneficial for cardiovascular health.

AB - Objective To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. Design Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. Participants 261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 coronary heart disease cases and 10 164 stroke events. Data were available on ADH1B rs1229984 variant, alcohol phenotypes, and cardiovascular biomarkers. Main outcome measures Odds ratio for coronary heart disease and stroke associated with the ADH1B variant in all individuals and by categories of alcohol consumption. Results Carriers of the A-allele of ADH1B rs1229984 consumed 17.2% fewer units of alcohol per week (95% confidence interval 15.6% to 18.9%), had a lower prevalence of binge drinking (odds ratio 0.78 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.84)), and had higher abstention (odds ratio 1.27 (1.21 to 1.34)) than non-carriers. Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower systolic blood pressure (-0.88 (-1.19 to -0.56) mm Hg), interleukin-6 levels (-5.2% (-7.8 to -2.4%)), waist circumference (-0.3 (-0.6 to -0.1) cm), and body mass index (-0.17 (-0.24 to -0.10) kg/m(2)). Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower odds of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96)). The protective association of the ADH1B rs1229984 A-allele variant remained the same across all categories of alcohol consumption (P= 0.83 for heterogeneity). Although no association of rs1229984 was identified with the combined subtypes of stroke, carriers of the A-allele had lower odds of ischaemic stroke (odds ratio 0.83 (0.72 to 0.95)). Conclusions Individuals with a genetic variant associated with non-drinking and lower alcohol consumption had a more favourable cardiovascular profile and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease than those without the genetic variant. This suggests that reduction of alcohol consumption, even for light to moderate drinkers, is beneficial for cardiovascular health.

U2 - 10.1136/bmj.g4164

DO - 10.1136/bmj.g4164

M3 - Article

C2 - 25011450

SN - 1756-1833

VL - 349

JO - BMJ-British medical journal

JF - BMJ-British medical journal

ER -