Abstract
Context:
Maternal vitamin D level is an important determinant of pregnancy and child health outcomes. Exposure to air pollution is suspected to increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency, but the evidence is scarce.
Objective:
We investigated the association between air pollution during pregnancy and maternal vitamin D levels.
Methods:
A total of 15 935 pregnant women from 5 birth cohorts in Europe and the United States were included. Averaged concentrations of nitrogen oxides, fine and coarse particles, and composition of fine particles from conception until vitamin D measurement were estimated at participants' residential addresses using land-use regression or other spatiotemporal models. Cohorts measured vitamin D as 25(OH)D or 25(OH)D3 levels in serum or plasma at early or mid-pregnancy. We defined suboptimal vitamin D levels as levels below 20 ng/mL. We performed logistic regression models for each cohort to estimate the association between air pollution exposure and suboptimal vitamin D levels and pooled cohort-specific estimates in a random-effect meta-analysis. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and month of conception.
Results:
We found an association between particulate matter (PM)2.5 and higher odds of suboptimal vitamin D levels (ie, below 20 ng/mL) (odds ratio per 5 mu g/m3 increase in PM2.5, 1.43; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.99). There was no association between other air pollutant exposure and vitamin D levels.
Conclusion:
PM2.5 exposure might contribute to suboptimal levels of vitamin D in pregnancy. Reducing air pollution exposure should be a priority because vitamin D deficiency may adversely influence offspring development.
Maternal vitamin D level is an important determinant of pregnancy and child health outcomes. Exposure to air pollution is suspected to increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency, but the evidence is scarce.
Objective:
We investigated the association between air pollution during pregnancy and maternal vitamin D levels.
Methods:
A total of 15 935 pregnant women from 5 birth cohorts in Europe and the United States were included. Averaged concentrations of nitrogen oxides, fine and coarse particles, and composition of fine particles from conception until vitamin D measurement were estimated at participants' residential addresses using land-use regression or other spatiotemporal models. Cohorts measured vitamin D as 25(OH)D or 25(OH)D3 levels in serum or plasma at early or mid-pregnancy. We defined suboptimal vitamin D levels as levels below 20 ng/mL. We performed logistic regression models for each cohort to estimate the association between air pollution exposure and suboptimal vitamin D levels and pooled cohort-specific estimates in a random-effect meta-analysis. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and month of conception.
Results:
We found an association between particulate matter (PM)2.5 and higher odds of suboptimal vitamin D levels (ie, below 20 ng/mL) (odds ratio per 5 mu g/m3 increase in PM2.5, 1.43; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.99). There was no association between other air pollutant exposure and vitamin D levels.
Conclusion:
PM2.5 exposure might contribute to suboptimal levels of vitamin D in pregnancy. Reducing air pollution exposure should be a priority because vitamin D deficiency may adversely influence offspring development.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 13 Jun 2024 |
