Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and earnings in later-life self-employment

Pankaj C Patel; Niels Rietveld; Ingrid Verheul

doi:10.1177/1042258719888641

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and earnings in later-life self-employment

Pankaj C Patel^*
, Niels Rietveld
, Ingrid Verheul

^*Corresponding author for this work

Villanova University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

32 Citations (Scopus)

1 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are relatively often engaged in self-employment. We analyze whether self-employment mediates the relationship between ADHD and earnings. To overcome endogeneity concerns in the estimation of this relationship, we use the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD. In our longitudinal sample of 7,905 individuals (50–65 years old) from the Health and Retirement Study, a standard deviation increase in the PRS for ADHD increases the odds of self-employment by 32% and decreases yearly earnings by 5%. Self-employment explains (mediates) 59% of the negative relationship between the PRS for ADHD and earnings.

Original language	Undefined/Unknown
Journal	Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719888641
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 20 Nov 2019

Bibliographical note

Early access Oct 19 2020

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10.1177/1042258719888641

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Earnings in Later-Life Self-EmploymentFinal published version, 303 KBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

http://hdl.handle.net/1765/121863

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Earnings in Later-Life Self-Employment
Patel, P. C. (Creator), Rietveld, C. A. (Creator) & Verheul, I. (Creator), 2019
DOI: 10.25384/sage.c.4747781.v1, https://sage.figshare.com/collections/Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_ADHD_and_Earnings_in_Later-Life_Self-Employment/4747781/1
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Cite this

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title = "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and earnings in later-life self-employment",

abstract = "Recent studies have shown that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are relatively often engaged in self-employment. We analyze whether self-employment mediates the relationship between ADHD and earnings. To overcome endogeneity concerns in the estimation of this relationship, we use the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD. In our longitudinal sample of 7,905 individuals (50–65 years old) from the Health and Retirement Study, a standard deviation increase in the PRS for ADHD increases the odds of self-employment by 32\% and decreases yearly earnings by 5\%. Self-employment explains (mediates) 59\% of the negative relationship between the PRS for ADHD and earnings.",

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AU - Verheul, Ingrid

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PY - 2019/11/20

Y1 - 2019/11/20

N2 - Recent studies have shown that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are relatively often engaged in self-employment. We analyze whether self-employment mediates the relationship between ADHD and earnings. To overcome endogeneity concerns in the estimation of this relationship, we use the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD. In our longitudinal sample of 7,905 individuals (50–65 years old) from the Health and Retirement Study, a standard deviation increase in the PRS for ADHD increases the odds of self-employment by 32% and decreases yearly earnings by 5%. Self-employment explains (mediates) 59% of the negative relationship between the PRS for ADHD and earnings.

AB - Recent studies have shown that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are relatively often engaged in self-employment. We analyze whether self-employment mediates the relationship between ADHD and earnings. To overcome endogeneity concerns in the estimation of this relationship, we use the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD. In our longitudinal sample of 7,905 individuals (50–65 years old) from the Health and Retirement Study, a standard deviation increase in the PRS for ADHD increases the odds of self-employment by 32% and decreases yearly earnings by 5%. Self-employment explains (mediates) 59% of the negative relationship between the PRS for ADHD and earnings.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and earnings in later-life self-employment

Abstract

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Earnings in Later-Life Self-Employment

Cite this