Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe

Ferry Hagen; M Francisca Colom; Daniëlle Swinne; Kathrin Tintelnot; Roberta Iatta; Maria Teresa Montagna; Josep M Torres-Rodriguez; Massimo Cogliati; Aristea Velegraki; Arjan Burggraaf; Alwin Kamermans; Johanna M Sweere; Jacques F Meis; Corné H W Klaassen; Teun Boekhout

doi:10.3201/eid1810.120068

Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe

Ferry Hagen^*, M Francisca Colom, Daniëlle Swinne, Kathrin Tintelnot, Roberta Iatta, Maria Teresa Montagna, Josep M Torres-Rodriguez, Massimo Cogliati, Aristea Velegraki, Arjan Burggraaf, Alwin Kamermans, Johanna M Sweere, Jacques F Meis, Corné H W Klaassen, Teun Boekhout

^*Corresponding author for this work

Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

132 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Until recently, Cryptococcus gattii infections occurred mainly in tropical and subtropical climate zones. However, during the past decade, C. gattii infections in humans and animals in Europe have increased. To determine whether the infections in Europe were acquired from an autochthonous source or associated with travel, we used multilocus sequence typing to compare 100 isolates from Europe (57 from 40 human patients, 22 from the environment, and 21 from animals) with 191 isolates from around the world. Of the 57 human patient isolates, 47 (83%) were obtained since 1995. Among the 40 patients, 24 (60%) probably acquired the C. gattii infection outside Europe; the remaining 16 (40%) probably acquired the infection within Europe. Human patient isolates from Mediterranean Europe clustered into a distinct genotype with animal and environmental isolates. These results indicate that reactivation of dormant C. gattii infections can occur many years after the infectious agent was acquired elsewhere.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1618-1624
Number of pages	7
Journal	Emerging Infectious Diseases
Volume	18
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1810.120068
Publication status	Published - Oct 2012

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Hagen, F., Colom, M. F., Swinne, D., Tintelnot, K., Iatta, R., Montagna, M. T., Torres-Rodriguez, J. M., Cogliati, M., Velegraki, A., Burggraaf, A., Kamermans, A., Sweere, J. M., Meis, J. F., Klaassen, C. H. W., & Boekhout, T. (2012). Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(10), 1618-1624. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1810.120068

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title = "Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe",

abstract = "Until recently, Cryptococcus gattii infections occurred mainly in tropical and subtropical climate zones. However, during the past decade, C. gattii infections in humans and animals in Europe have increased. To determine whether the infections in Europe were acquired from an autochthonous source or associated with travel, we used multilocus sequence typing to compare 100 isolates from Europe (57 from 40 human patients, 22 from the environment, and 21 from animals) with 191 isolates from around the world. Of the 57 human patient isolates, 47 (83%) were obtained since 1995. Among the 40 patients, 24 (60%) probably acquired the C. gattii infection outside Europe; the remaining 16 (40%) probably acquired the infection within Europe. Human patient isolates from Mediterranean Europe clustered into a distinct genotype with animal and environmental isolates. These results indicate that reactivation of dormant C. gattii infections can occur many years after the infectious agent was acquired elsewhere.",

author = "Ferry Hagen and Colom, {M Francisca} and Dani{\"e}lle Swinne and Kathrin Tintelnot and Roberta Iatta and Montagna, {Maria Teresa} and Torres-Rodriguez, {Josep M} and Massimo Cogliati and Aristea Velegraki and Arjan Burggraaf and Alwin Kamermans and Sweere, {Johanna M} and Meis, {Jacques F} and Klaassen, {Corn{\'e} H W} and Teun Boekhout",

year = "2012",

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doi = "10.3201/eid1810.120068",

language = "English",

volume = "18",

pages = "1618--1624",

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Hagen, F, Colom, MF, Swinne, D, Tintelnot, K, Iatta, R, Montagna, MT, Torres-Rodriguez, JM, Cogliati, M, Velegraki, A, Burggraaf, A, Kamermans, A, Sweere, JM, Meis, JF, Klaassen, CHW & Boekhout, T 2012, 'Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe', Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1618-1624. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1810.120068

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AU - Hagen, Ferry

AU - Colom, M Francisca

AU - Swinne, Daniëlle

AU - Tintelnot, Kathrin

AU - Iatta, Roberta

AU - Montagna, Maria Teresa

AU - Torres-Rodriguez, Josep M

AU - Cogliati, Massimo

AU - Velegraki, Aristea

AU - Burggraaf, Arjan

AU - Kamermans, Alwin

AU - Sweere, Johanna M

AU - Meis, Jacques F

AU - Klaassen, Corné H W

AU - Boekhout, Teun

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N2 - Until recently, Cryptococcus gattii infections occurred mainly in tropical and subtropical climate zones. However, during the past decade, C. gattii infections in humans and animals in Europe have increased. To determine whether the infections in Europe were acquired from an autochthonous source or associated with travel, we used multilocus sequence typing to compare 100 isolates from Europe (57 from 40 human patients, 22 from the environment, and 21 from animals) with 191 isolates from around the world. Of the 57 human patient isolates, 47 (83%) were obtained since 1995. Among the 40 patients, 24 (60%) probably acquired the C. gattii infection outside Europe; the remaining 16 (40%) probably acquired the infection within Europe. Human patient isolates from Mediterranean Europe clustered into a distinct genotype with animal and environmental isolates. These results indicate that reactivation of dormant C. gattii infections can occur many years after the infectious agent was acquired elsewhere.

AB - Until recently, Cryptococcus gattii infections occurred mainly in tropical and subtropical climate zones. However, during the past decade, C. gattii infections in humans and animals in Europe have increased. To determine whether the infections in Europe were acquired from an autochthonous source or associated with travel, we used multilocus sequence typing to compare 100 isolates from Europe (57 from 40 human patients, 22 from the environment, and 21 from animals) with 191 isolates from around the world. Of the 57 human patient isolates, 47 (83%) were obtained since 1995. Among the 40 patients, 24 (60%) probably acquired the C. gattii infection outside Europe; the remaining 16 (40%) probably acquired the infection within Europe. Human patient isolates from Mediterranean Europe clustered into a distinct genotype with animal and environmental isolates. These results indicate that reactivation of dormant C. gattii infections can occur many years after the infectious agent was acquired elsewhere.

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Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe

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