Beyond the Global Brain Differences: Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers

Rune Boen; Tobias Kaufmann; Dennis van der Meer; Oleksandr Frei; Ingrid Agartz; David Ames; Micael Andersson; Nicola J. Armstrong; Eric Artiges; Joshua R. Atkins; Jochen Bauer; Francesco Benedetti; Dorret I. Boomsma; Henry Brodaty; Katharina Brosch; Randy L. Buckner; Murray J. Cairns; Vince Calhoun; Svenja Caspers; Sven Cichon; Aiden P. Corvin; Benedicto Crespo-Facorro; Udo Dannlowski; Friederike S. David; Eco J.C. de Geus; Greig I. de Zubicaray; Sylvane Desrivières; Joanne L. Doherty; Gary Donohoe; Stefan Ehrlich; Else Eising; Thomas Espeseth; Simon E. Fisher; Andreas J. Forstner; Lidia Fortaner-Uyà; Vincent Frouin; Masaki Fukunaga; Tian Ge; David C. Glahn; Janik Goltermann; Hans J. Grabe; Melissa J. Green; Nynke A. Groenewold; Dominik Grotegerd; Gøril Rolfseng Grøntvedt; Tim Hahn; Ryota Hashimoto; Jayne Y. Hehir-Kwa; Frans A. Henskens; Avram J. Holmes; Asta K. Håberg; Jan Haavik; Sebastien Jacquemont; Andreas Jansen; Christiane Jockwitz; Erik G. Jönsson; Masataka Kikuchi; Tilo Kircher; Kuldeep Kumar; Stephanie Le Hellard; Costin Leu; David E. Linden; Jingyu Liu; Robert Loughnan; Karen A. Mather; Katie L. McMahon; Allan F. McRae; Sarah E. Medland; Susanne Meinert; Clara A. Moreau; Derek W. Morris; Bryan J. Mowry; Thomas W. Mühleisen; Igor Nenadić; Markus M. Nöthen; Lars Nyberg; Roel A. Ophoff; Michael J. Owen; Christos Pantelis; Marco Paolini; Tomas Paus; Zdenka Pausova; Karin Persson; Yann Quidé; Tiago Reis Marques; Perminder S. Sachdev; Sigrid B. Sando; Ulrich Schall; Rodney J. Scott; Geir Selbæk; Elena Shumskaya; Ana I. Silva; Sanjay M. Sisodiya; Frederike Stein; Dan J. Stein; Benjamin Straube; Fabian Streit; Lachlan T. Strike; Alexander Teumer; Lea Teutenberg; Anbupalam Thalamuthu; Paul A. Tooney; Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez; Julian N. Trollor; Dennis van ’t Ent; Marianne B.M. van den Bree; Neeltje E.M. van Haren; Javier Vázquez-Bourgon; Henry Völzke; Wei Wen; Katharina Wittfeld; Christopher R.K. Ching; Lars T. Westlye; Paul M. Thompson; Carrie E. Bearden; Kaja K. Selmer; Dag Alnæs; Ole A. Andreassen; Ida E. Sønderby

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018

Beyond the Global Brain Differences: Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers

Rune Boen^*
, Tobias Kaufmann
, Dennis van der Meer
, Oleksandr Frei
, Ingrid Agartz
, David Ames
, Micael Andersson
, Nicola J. Armstrong
, Eric Artiges
, Joshua R. Atkins
, Jochen Bauer
, Francesco Benedetti
, Dorret I. Boomsma
, Henry Brodaty
, Katharina Brosch
, Randy L. Buckner
, Murray J. Cairns
, Vince Calhoun
, Svenja Caspers
, Sven Cichon

Aiden P. Corvin, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Udo Dannlowski, Friederike S. David, Eco J.C. de Geus, Greig I. de Zubicaray, Sylvane Desrivières, Joanne L. Doherty, Gary Donohoe, Stefan Ehrlich, Else Eising, Thomas Espeseth, Simon E. Fisher, Andreas J. Forstner, Lidia Fortaner-Uyà, Vincent Frouin, Masaki Fukunaga, Tian Ge, David C. Glahn, Janik Goltermann, Hans J. Grabe, Melissa J. Green, Nynke A. Groenewold, Dominik Grotegerd, Gøril Rolfseng Grøntvedt, Tim Hahn, Ryota Hashimoto, Jayne Y. Hehir-Kwa, Frans A. Henskens, Avram J. Holmes, Asta K. Håberg, Jan Haavik, Sebastien Jacquemont, Andreas Jansen, Christiane Jockwitz, Erik G. Jönsson, Masataka Kikuchi, Tilo Kircher, Kuldeep Kumar, Stephanie Le Hellard, Costin Leu, David E. Linden, Jingyu Liu, Robert Loughnan, Karen A. Mather, Katie L. McMahon, Allan F. McRae, Sarah E. Medland, Susanne Meinert, Clara A. Moreau, Derek W. Morris, Bryan J. Mowry, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Igor Nenadić, Markus M. Nöthen, Lars Nyberg, Roel A. Ophoff, Michael J. Owen, Christos Pantelis, Marco Paolini, Tomas Paus, Zdenka Pausova, Karin Persson, Yann Quidé, Tiago Reis Marques, Perminder S. Sachdev, Sigrid B. Sando, Ulrich Schall, Rodney J. Scott, Geir Selbæk, Elena Shumskaya, Ana I. Silva, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Frederike Stein, Dan J. Stein, Benjamin Straube, Fabian Streit, Lachlan T. Strike, Alexander Teumer, Lea Teutenberg, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Paul A. Tooney, Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Julian N. Trollor, Dennis van ’t Ent, Marianne B.M. van den Bree, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Javier Vázquez-Bourgon, Henry Völzke, Wei Wen, Katharina Wittfeld, Christopher R.K. Ching, Lars T. Westlye, Paul M. Thompson, Carrie E. Bearden, Kaja K. Selmer, Dag Alnæs, Ole A. Andreassen, Ida E. Sønderby

^*Corresponding author for this work

Oslo University Hospital
University of Oslo
CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center
University of California at Los Angeles
University Medicine Greifswald
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research
University Medical Centre Utrecht

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

5 Citations (Scopus)

54 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global
brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global
difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional
differences beyond global differences in brain structure.

METHODS:

Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n =
30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched
noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual’s
regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global
difference.

RESULTS:

For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed
more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness
in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and
somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness.

CONCLUSIONS:

We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal
and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal
and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms
involved in altered neurodevelopment.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	147-160
Number of pages	14
Journal	Biological Psychiatry
Volume	95
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018
Publication status	Published - 15 Jan 2024

Bibliographical note

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PIIS0006322323015305Final published version, 3.45 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Boen, R., Kaufmann, T., van der Meer, D., Frei, O., Agartz, I., Ames, D., Andersson, M., Armstrong, N. J., Artiges, E., Atkins, J. R., Bauer, J., Benedetti, F., Boomsma, D. I., Brodaty, H., Brosch, K., Buckner, R. L., Cairns, M. J., Calhoun, V., Caspers, S., ... Sønderby, I. E. (2024). Beyond the Global Brain Differences: Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers. Biological Psychiatry, 95(2), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018

@article{54bbd078288a4815b3dc909efaa16c59,

title = "Beyond the Global Brain Differences: Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional differences beyond global differences in brain structure. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n = 30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual{\textquoteright}s regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global difference. RESULTS: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered neurodevelopment.",

author = "Rune Boen and Tobias Kaufmann and \{van der Meer\}, Dennis and Oleksandr Frei and Ingrid Agartz and David Ames and Micael Andersson and Armstrong, \{Nicola J.\} and Eric Artiges and Atkins, \{Joshua R.\} and Jochen Bauer and Francesco Benedetti and Boomsma, \{Dorret I.\} and Henry Brodaty and Katharina Brosch and Buckner, \{Randy L.\} and Cairns, \{Murray J.\} and Vince Calhoun and Svenja Caspers and Sven Cichon and Corvin, \{Aiden P.\} and Benedicto Crespo-Facorro and Udo Dannlowski and David, \{Friederike S.\} and \{de Geus\}, \{Eco J.C.\} and \{de Zubicaray\}, \{Greig I.\} and Sylvane Desrivi{\`e}res and Doherty, \{Joanne L.\} and Gary Donohoe and Stefan Ehrlich and Else Eising and Thomas Espeseth and Fisher, \{Simon E.\} and Forstner, \{Andreas J.\} and Lidia Fortaner-Uy{\`a} and Vincent Frouin and Masaki Fukunaga and Tian Ge and Glahn, \{David C.\} and Janik Goltermann and Grabe, \{Hans J.\} and Green, \{Melissa J.\} and Groenewold, \{Nynke A.\} and Dominik Grotegerd and Gr{\o}ntvedt, \{G{\o}ril Rolfseng\} and Tim Hahn and Ryota Hashimoto and Hehir-Kwa, \{Jayne Y.\} and Henskens, \{Frans A.\} and Holmes, \{Avram J.\} and H{\aa}berg, \{Asta K.\} and Jan Haavik and Sebastien Jacquemont and Andreas Jansen and Christiane Jockwitz and J{\"o}nsson, \{Erik G.\} and Masataka Kikuchi and Tilo Kircher and Kuldeep Kumar and \{Le Hellard\}, Stephanie and Costin Leu and Linden, \{David E.\} and Jingyu Liu and Robert Loughnan and Mather, \{Karen A.\} and McMahon, \{Katie L.\} and McRae, \{Allan F.\} and Medland, \{Sarah E.\} and Susanne Meinert and Moreau, \{Clara A.\} and Morris, \{Derek W.\} and Mowry, \{Bryan J.\} and M{\"u}hleisen, \{Thomas W.\} and Igor Nenadi{\'c} and N{\"o}then, \{Markus M.\} and Lars Nyberg and Ophoff, \{Roel A.\} and Owen, \{Michael J.\} and Christos Pantelis and Marco Paolini and Tomas Paus and Zdenka Pausova and Karin Persson and Yann Quid{\'e} and Marques, \{Tiago Reis\} and Sachdev, \{Perminder S.\} and Sando, \{Sigrid B.\} and Ulrich Schall and Scott, \{Rodney J.\} and Geir Selb{\ae}k and Elena Shumskaya and Silva, \{Ana I.\} and Sisodiya, \{Sanjay M.\} and Frederike Stein and Stein, \{Dan J.\} and Benjamin Straube and Fabian Streit and Strike, \{Lachlan T.\} and Alexander Teumer and Lea Teutenberg and Anbupalam Thalamuthu and Tooney, \{Paul A.\} and Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez and Trollor, \{Julian N.\} and \{van {\textquoteright}t Ent\}, Dennis and \{van den Bree\}, \{Marianne B.M.\} and \{van Haren\}, \{Neeltje E.M.\} and Javier V{\'a}zquez-Bourgon and Henry V{\"o}lzke and Wei Wen and Katharina Wittfeld and Ching, \{Christopher R.K.\} and Westlye, \{Lars T.\} and Thompson, \{Paul M.\} and Bearden, \{Carrie E.\} and Selmer, \{Kaja K.\} and Dag Aln{\ae}s and Andreassen, \{Ole A.\} and S{\o}nderby, \{Ida E.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023",

year = "2024",

month = jan,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018",

language = "English",

volume = "95",

pages = "147--160",

journal = "Biological Psychiatry",

issn = "0006-3223",

publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",

number = "2",

}

Boen, R, Kaufmann, T, van der Meer, D, Frei, O, Agartz, I, Ames, D, Andersson, M, Armstrong, NJ, Artiges, E, Atkins, JR, Bauer, J, Benedetti, F, Boomsma, DI, Brodaty, H, Brosch, K, Buckner, RL, Cairns, MJ, Calhoun, V, Caspers, S, Cichon, S, Corvin, AP, Crespo-Facorro, B, Dannlowski, U, David, FS, de Geus, EJC, de Zubicaray, GI, Desrivières, S, Doherty, JL, Donohoe, G, Ehrlich, S, Eising, E, Espeseth, T, Fisher, SE, Forstner, AJ, Fortaner-Uyà, L, Frouin, V, Fukunaga, M, Ge, T, Glahn, DC, Goltermann, J, Grabe, HJ, Green, MJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Grøntvedt, GR, Hahn, T, Hashimoto, R, Hehir-Kwa, JY, Henskens, FA, Holmes, AJ, Håberg, AK, Haavik, J, Jacquemont, S, Jansen, A, Jockwitz, C, Jönsson, EG, Kikuchi, M, Kircher, T, Kumar, K, Le Hellard, S, Leu, C, Linden, DE, Liu, J, Loughnan, R, Mather, KA, McMahon, KL, McRae, AF, Medland, SE, Meinert, S, Moreau, CA, Morris, DW, Mowry, BJ, Mühleisen, TW, Nenadić, I, Nöthen, MM, Nyberg, L, Ophoff, RA, Owen, MJ, Pantelis, C, Paolini, M, Paus, T, Pausova, Z, Persson, K, Quidé, Y, Marques, TR, Sachdev, PS, Sando, SB, Schall, U, Scott, RJ, Selbæk, G, Shumskaya, E, Silva, AI, Sisodiya, SM, Stein, F, Stein, DJ, Straube, B, Streit, F, Strike, LT, Teumer, A, Teutenberg, L, Thalamuthu, A, Tooney, PA, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Trollor, JN, van ’t Ent, D, van den Bree, MBM, van Haren, NEM, Vázquez-Bourgon, J, Völzke, H, Wen, W, Wittfeld, K, Ching, CRK, Westlye, LT, Thompson, PM, Bearden, CE, Selmer, KK, Alnæs, D, Andreassen, OA & Sønderby, IE 2024, 'Beyond the Global Brain Differences: Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers', Biological Psychiatry, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 147-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018

TY - JOUR

T1 - Beyond the Global Brain Differences

T2 - Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers

AU - Boen, Rune

AU - Kaufmann, Tobias

AU - van der Meer, Dennis

AU - Frei, Oleksandr

AU - Agartz, Ingrid

AU - Ames, David

AU - Andersson, Micael

AU - Armstrong, Nicola J.

AU - Artiges, Eric

AU - Atkins, Joshua R.

AU - Bauer, Jochen

AU - Benedetti, Francesco

AU - Boomsma, Dorret I.

AU - Brodaty, Henry

AU - Brosch, Katharina

AU - Buckner, Randy L.

AU - Cairns, Murray J.

AU - Calhoun, Vince

AU - Caspers, Svenja

AU - Cichon, Sven

AU - Corvin, Aiden P.

AU - Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto

AU - Dannlowski, Udo

AU - David, Friederike S.

AU - de Geus, Eco J.C.

AU - de Zubicaray, Greig I.

AU - Desrivières, Sylvane

AU - Doherty, Joanne L.

AU - Donohoe, Gary

AU - Ehrlich, Stefan

AU - Eising, Else

AU - Espeseth, Thomas

AU - Fisher, Simon E.

AU - Forstner, Andreas J.

AU - Fortaner-Uyà, Lidia

AU - Frouin, Vincent

AU - Fukunaga, Masaki

AU - Ge, Tian

AU - Glahn, David C.

AU - Goltermann, Janik

AU - Grabe, Hans J.

AU - Green, Melissa J.

AU - Groenewold, Nynke A.

AU - Grotegerd, Dominik

AU - Grøntvedt, Gøril Rolfseng

AU - Hahn, Tim

AU - Hashimoto, Ryota

AU - Hehir-Kwa, Jayne Y.

AU - Henskens, Frans A.

AU - Holmes, Avram J.

AU - Håberg, Asta K.

AU - Haavik, Jan

AU - Jacquemont, Sebastien

AU - Jansen, Andreas

AU - Jockwitz, Christiane

AU - Jönsson, Erik G.

AU - Kikuchi, Masataka

AU - Kircher, Tilo

AU - Kumar, Kuldeep

AU - Le Hellard, Stephanie

AU - Leu, Costin

AU - Linden, David E.

AU - Liu, Jingyu

AU - Loughnan, Robert

AU - Mather, Karen A.

AU - McMahon, Katie L.

AU - McRae, Allan F.

AU - Medland, Sarah E.

AU - Meinert, Susanne

AU - Moreau, Clara A.

AU - Morris, Derek W.

AU - Mowry, Bryan J.

AU - Mühleisen, Thomas W.

AU - Nenadić, Igor

AU - Nöthen, Markus M.

AU - Nyberg, Lars

AU - Ophoff, Roel A.

AU - Owen, Michael J.

AU - Pantelis, Christos

AU - Paolini, Marco

AU - Paus, Tomas

AU - Pausova, Zdenka

AU - Persson, Karin

AU - Quidé, Yann

AU - Marques, Tiago Reis

AU - Sachdev, Perminder S.

AU - Sando, Sigrid B.

AU - Schall, Ulrich

AU - Scott, Rodney J.

AU - Selbæk, Geir

AU - Shumskaya, Elena

AU - Silva, Ana I.

AU - Sisodiya, Sanjay M.

AU - Stein, Frederike

AU - Stein, Dan J.

AU - Straube, Benjamin

AU - Streit, Fabian

AU - Strike, Lachlan T.

AU - Teumer, Alexander

AU - Teutenberg, Lea

AU - Thalamuthu, Anbupalam

AU - Tooney, Paul A.

AU - Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana

AU - Trollor, Julian N.

AU - van ’t Ent, Dennis

AU - van den Bree, Marianne B.M.

AU - van Haren, Neeltje E.M.

AU - Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier

AU - Völzke, Henry

AU - Wen, Wei

AU - Wittfeld, Katharina

AU - Ching, Christopher R.K.

AU - Westlye, Lars T.

AU - Thompson, Paul M.

AU - Bearden, Carrie E.

AU - Selmer, Kaja K.

AU - Alnæs, Dag

AU - Andreassen, Ole A.

AU - Sønderby, Ida E.

PY - 2024/1/15

Y1 - 2024/1/15

N2 - BACKGROUND: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional differences beyond global differences in brain structure. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n = 30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual’s regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global difference. RESULTS: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered neurodevelopment.

AB - BACKGROUND: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional differences beyond global differences in brain structure. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n = 30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual’s regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global difference. RESULTS: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered neurodevelopment.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85178151168

U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018

DO - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018

M3 - Article

C2 - 37661008

AN - SCOPUS:85178151168

SN - 0006-3223

VL - 95

SP - 147

EP - 160

JO - Biological Psychiatry

JF - Biological Psychiatry

IS - 2

ER -

Beyond the Global Brain Differences: Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers

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