TY - JOUR
T1 - Computational pathology in 2030
T2 - a Delphi study forecasting the role of AI in pathology within the next decade
AU - Berbís, M. Alvaro
AU - McClintock, David S.
AU - Bychkov, Andrey
AU - Van der Laak, Jeroen
AU - Pantanowitz, Liron
AU - Lennerz, Jochen K.
AU - Cheng, Jerome Y.
AU - Delahunt, Brett
AU - Egevad, Lars
AU - Eloy, Catarina
AU - Farris, Alton B.
AU - Fraggetta, Filippo
AU - García del Moral, Raimundo
AU - Hartman, Douglas J.
AU - Herrmann, Markus D.
AU - Hollemans, Eva
AU - Iczkowski, Kenneth A.
AU - Karsan, Aly
AU - Kriegsmann, Mark
AU - Salama, Mohamed E.
AU - Sinard, John H.
AU - Tuthill, J. Mark
AU - Williams, Bethany
AU - Casado-Sánchez, César
AU - Sánchez-Turrión, Víctor
AU - Luna, Antonio
AU - Aneiros-Fernández, José
AU - Shen, Jeanne
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2023/2
Y1 - 2023/2
N2 - Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly fuelling a fundamental transformation in the practice of pathology. However, clinical integration remains challenging, with no AI algorithms to date in routine adoption within typical anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories. This survey gathered current expert perspectives and expectations regarding the role of AI in AP from those with first-hand computational pathology and AI experience. Methods: Perspectives were solicited using the Delphi method from 24 subject matter experts between December 2020 and February 2021 regarding the anticipated role of AI in pathology by the year 2030. The study consisted of three consecutive rounds: 1) an open-ended, free response questionnaire generating a list of survey items; 2) a Likert-scale survey scored by experts and analysed for consensus; and 3) a repeat survey of items not reaching consensus to obtain further expert consensus. Findings: Consensus opinions were reached on 141 of 180 survey items (78.3%). Experts agreed that AI would be routinely and impactfully used within AP laboratory and pathologist clinical workflows by 2030. High consensus was reached on 100 items across nine categories encompassing the impact of AI on (1) pathology key performance indicators (KPIs) and (2) the pathology workforce and specific tasks performed by (3) pathologists and (4) AP lab technicians, as well as (5) specific AI applications and their likelihood of routine use by 2030, (6) AI's role in integrated diagnostics, (7) pathology tasks likely to be fully automated using AI, and (8) regulatory/legal and (9) ethical aspects of AI integration in pathology. Interpretation: This systematic consensus study details the expected short-to-mid-term impact of AI on pathology practice. These findings provide timely and relevant information regarding future care delivery in pathology and raise key practical, ethical, and legal challenges that must be addressed prior to AI's successful clinical implementation. Funding: No specific funding was provided for this study.
AB - Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly fuelling a fundamental transformation in the practice of pathology. However, clinical integration remains challenging, with no AI algorithms to date in routine adoption within typical anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories. This survey gathered current expert perspectives and expectations regarding the role of AI in AP from those with first-hand computational pathology and AI experience. Methods: Perspectives were solicited using the Delphi method from 24 subject matter experts between December 2020 and February 2021 regarding the anticipated role of AI in pathology by the year 2030. The study consisted of three consecutive rounds: 1) an open-ended, free response questionnaire generating a list of survey items; 2) a Likert-scale survey scored by experts and analysed for consensus; and 3) a repeat survey of items not reaching consensus to obtain further expert consensus. Findings: Consensus opinions were reached on 141 of 180 survey items (78.3%). Experts agreed that AI would be routinely and impactfully used within AP laboratory and pathologist clinical workflows by 2030. High consensus was reached on 100 items across nine categories encompassing the impact of AI on (1) pathology key performance indicators (KPIs) and (2) the pathology workforce and specific tasks performed by (3) pathologists and (4) AP lab technicians, as well as (5) specific AI applications and their likelihood of routine use by 2030, (6) AI's role in integrated diagnostics, (7) pathology tasks likely to be fully automated using AI, and (8) regulatory/legal and (9) ethical aspects of AI integration in pathology. Interpretation: This systematic consensus study details the expected short-to-mid-term impact of AI on pathology practice. These findings provide timely and relevant information regarding future care delivery in pathology and raise key practical, ethical, and legal challenges that must be addressed prior to AI's successful clinical implementation. Funding: No specific funding was provided for this study.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85145976517&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104427
DO - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104427
M3 - Article
C2 - 36603288
AN - SCOPUS:85145976517
VL - 88
M1 - 104427
ER -