Cutaneous Mitochondrial P o 2, but Not Tissue Oxygen Saturation, Is an Early Indicator of the Physiologic Limit of Hemodilution in the Pig

Luuk Römers*, Charlotte Bakker, Nathalie Dollée, Sanne Hoeks, Alexandre Pinto Lima, Harold Raat, Tanja Johannes, Robert jan Stolker, Bert Mik

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

32 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Hemodilution is a consequence of fluid replacement during blood loss and is limited by the individual ability to compensate for decreasing hemoglobin level. We tested the ability of a novel noninvasive method for measuring cutaneous mitochondrial Po-2 (mitoPo(2)) to detect this threshold early. Methods: Anesthetized and ventilated pigs were hemodynamically monitored and randomized into a hemodilution (n = 12) or a time control (TC) group (n = 14). MitoPo(2) measurements were done by oxygen-dependent delayed fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX after preparation of the skin with 20% 5-aminolevulinic acid cream. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO(2)) was measured with near infrared spectroscopy on the thoracic wall. After baseline measurements, progressive normovolemic hemodilution was performed in the hemodilution group in equal steps (500 ml blood replaced by 500 ml Voluven (R); Fresenius Kabi AG, Germany). Consecutive measurements were performed after 20-min stabilization periods and repeated 8 times or until the animal died. Results: The TC animals remained stable with regard to hemodynamics and mitoPo(2). In the hemodilution group, mitoPo(2) became hemoglobin-dependent after reaching a threshold of 2.6 +/- 0.2 g/dl. During hemodilution, hemoglobin and mitoPo(2) decreased (7.9 +/- 0.2 to 2.1 +/- 0.2 g/dl; 23.6 +/- 2 to 9.9 +/- 0.8 mmHg), but StO(2) did not. Notably, mitoPo(2) dropped quite abruptly (about 39%) at the individual threshold. We observed that this decrease in mitoPo(2) occurred at least one hemodilution step before changes in other conventional parameters. Conclusions: Cutaneous mitoPo(2) decreased typically one hemodilution step before occurrence of significant alterations in systemic oxygen consumption and lactate levels. This makes mitoPo(2) a potential early indicator of the physiologic limit of hemodilution and possibly a physiologic trigger for blood transfusion.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)124-132
Number of pages9
JournalAnesthesiology
Volume125
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jul 2016

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2016, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc.

Research programs

  • EMC COEUR-09

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