Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) knockout mice show mild hypomagnesaemia and developmental defects

G A C Franken; M Seker; C van den Bos; L A H Siemons; Bram van der Eerden; A Christ; JGJ Hoenderop; RJM Bindels; D Müller; T Breiderhoff; JHF de Baaij

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87548-6

Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) knockout mice show mild hypomagnesaemia and developmental defects

G A C Franken, M Seker, C van den Bos, L A H Siemons, Bram van der Eerden, A Christ, JGJ Hoenderop, RJM Bindels, D Müller, T Breiderhoff, JHF de Baaij^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Internal Medicine

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Abstract

Patients with mutations in Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) suffer from hypomagnesaemia, seizures, and intellectual disability. Although the molecular function of CNNM2 is under debate, the protein is considered essential for renal Mg2+ reabsorption. Here, we used a Cnnm2 knock out mouse model, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, to assess the role of CNNM2 in Mg2+ homeostasis. Breeding Cnnm2+/? mice resulted in a Mendelian distribution at embryonic day 18. Nevertheless, only four Cnnm2?/? pups were born alive. The Cnnm2?/? pups had a significantly lower serum Mg2+ concentration compared to wildtype littermates. Subsequently, adult Cnnm2+/? mice were fed with low, control, or high Mg2+ diets for two weeks. Adult Cnnm2+/? mice showed mild hypomagnesaemia compared to Cnnm2+/+ mice and increased serum Ca2+ levels, independent of dietary Mg2+ intake. Faecal analysis displayed increased Mg2+ and Ca2+ excretion in the Cnnm2+/? mice. Transcriptional profiling of Trpm6, Trpm7, and Slc41a1 in kidneys and colon did not reveal effects based on genotype. Microcomputed tomography analysis of the femurs demonstrated equal bone morphology and density. In conclusion, CNNM2 is vital for embryonic development and Mg2+ homeostasis. Our data suggest a previously undescribed role of CNNM2 in the intestine, which may contribute to the Mg2+ deficiency in mice and patients.

Original language	English
Article number	8217
Journal	Sci. Rep.
Volume	11
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87548-6
Publication status	Published - 15 Apr 2021

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Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO Veni 016.186.012. Vici 016.130.668), and the European Joint Program for Rare Diseases (EJPRD2019-40). M.S. and D.M. were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Research Training Group GRK 2318.

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© 2021, The Author(s).

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Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) knockout mice show mild hypomagnesaemia and developmental defectsFinal published version, 1.51 MBLicence: CC BY

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title = "Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) knockout mice show mild hypomagnesaemia and developmental defects",

abstract = "Patients with mutations in Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) suffer from hypomagnesaemia, seizures, and intellectual disability. Although the molecular function of CNNM2 is under debate, the protein is considered essential for renal Mg2+ reabsorption. Here, we used a Cnnm2 knock out mouse model, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, to assess the role of CNNM2 in Mg2+ homeostasis. Breeding Cnnm2+/? mice resulted in a Mendelian distribution at embryonic day 18. Nevertheless, only four Cnnm2?/? pups were born alive. The Cnnm2?/? pups had a significantly lower serum Mg2+ concentration compared to wildtype littermates. Subsequently, adult Cnnm2+/? mice were fed with low, control, or high Mg2+ diets for two weeks. Adult Cnnm2+/? mice showed mild hypomagnesaemia compared to Cnnm2+/+ mice and increased serum Ca2+ levels, independent of dietary Mg2+ intake. Faecal analysis displayed increased Mg2+ and Ca2+ excretion in the Cnnm2+/? mice. Transcriptional profiling of Trpm6, Trpm7, and Slc41a1 in kidneys and colon did not reveal effects based on genotype. Microcomputed tomography analysis of the femurs demonstrated equal bone morphology and density. In conclusion, CNNM2 is vital for embryonic development and Mg2+ homeostasis. Our data suggest a previously undescribed role of CNNM2 in the intestine, which may contribute to the Mg2+ deficiency in mice and patients.",

author = "Franken, {G A C} and M Seker and {van den Bos}, C and Siemons, {L A H} and {van der Eerden}, Bram and A Christ and JGJ Hoenderop and RJM Bindels and D M{\"u}ller and T Breiderhoff and {de Baaij}, JHF",

note = "Funding Information: This work was financially supported by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO Veni 016.186.012. Vici 016.130.668), and the European Joint Program for Rare Diseases (EJPRD2019-40). M.S. and D.M. were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Research Training Group GRK 2318. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s).",

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doi = "10.1038/s41598-021-87548-6",

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T1 - Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) knockout mice show mild hypomagnesaemia and developmental defects

AU - Franken, G A C

AU - Seker, M

AU - van den Bos, C

AU - Siemons, L A H

AU - van der Eerden, Bram

AU - Christ, A

AU - Hoenderop, JGJ

AU - Bindels, RJM

AU - Müller, D

AU - Breiderhoff, T

AU - de Baaij, JHF

N1 - Funding Information: This work was financially supported by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO Veni 016.186.012. Vici 016.130.668), and the European Joint Program for Rare Diseases (EJPRD2019-40). M.S. and D.M. were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Research Training Group GRK 2318. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).

PY - 2021/4/15

Y1 - 2021/4/15

N2 - Patients with mutations in Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) suffer from hypomagnesaemia, seizures, and intellectual disability. Although the molecular function of CNNM2 is under debate, the protein is considered essential for renal Mg2+ reabsorption. Here, we used a Cnnm2 knock out mouse model, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, to assess the role of CNNM2 in Mg2+ homeostasis. Breeding Cnnm2+/? mice resulted in a Mendelian distribution at embryonic day 18. Nevertheless, only four Cnnm2?/? pups were born alive. The Cnnm2?/? pups had a significantly lower serum Mg2+ concentration compared to wildtype littermates. Subsequently, adult Cnnm2+/? mice were fed with low, control, or high Mg2+ diets for two weeks. Adult Cnnm2+/? mice showed mild hypomagnesaemia compared to Cnnm2+/+ mice and increased serum Ca2+ levels, independent of dietary Mg2+ intake. Faecal analysis displayed increased Mg2+ and Ca2+ excretion in the Cnnm2+/? mice. Transcriptional profiling of Trpm6, Trpm7, and Slc41a1 in kidneys and colon did not reveal effects based on genotype. Microcomputed tomography analysis of the femurs demonstrated equal bone morphology and density. In conclusion, CNNM2 is vital for embryonic development and Mg2+ homeostasis. Our data suggest a previously undescribed role of CNNM2 in the intestine, which may contribute to the Mg2+ deficiency in mice and patients.

AB - Patients with mutations in Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) suffer from hypomagnesaemia, seizures, and intellectual disability. Although the molecular function of CNNM2 is under debate, the protein is considered essential for renal Mg2+ reabsorption. Here, we used a Cnnm2 knock out mouse model, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, to assess the role of CNNM2 in Mg2+ homeostasis. Breeding Cnnm2+/? mice resulted in a Mendelian distribution at embryonic day 18. Nevertheless, only four Cnnm2?/? pups were born alive. The Cnnm2?/? pups had a significantly lower serum Mg2+ concentration compared to wildtype littermates. Subsequently, adult Cnnm2+/? mice were fed with low, control, or high Mg2+ diets for two weeks. Adult Cnnm2+/? mice showed mild hypomagnesaemia compared to Cnnm2+/+ mice and increased serum Ca2+ levels, independent of dietary Mg2+ intake. Faecal analysis displayed increased Mg2+ and Ca2+ excretion in the Cnnm2+/? mice. Transcriptional profiling of Trpm6, Trpm7, and Slc41a1 in kidneys and colon did not reveal effects based on genotype. Microcomputed tomography analysis of the femurs demonstrated equal bone morphology and density. In conclusion, CNNM2 is vital for embryonic development and Mg2+ homeostasis. Our data suggest a previously undescribed role of CNNM2 in the intestine, which may contribute to the Mg2+ deficiency in mice and patients.

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U2 - 10.1038/s41598-021-87548-6

DO - 10.1038/s41598-021-87548-6

M3 - Article

C2 - 33859252

VL - 11

JO - Sci. Rep.

JF - Sci. Rep.

IS - 1

M1 - 8217

ER -

Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) knockout mice show mild hypomagnesaemia and developmental defects

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