Death of Twitter and the rise of X: The birth of the digital authoritarian context

Drawing on Habermas's concept of public sphere and Glasius's framework of authoritarian and illiberal practices, this study explores how X centralizes power in the hands of its owner, undermines accountability, and fosters an environment where hate speech flourishes. This analysis highlights Musk's shift from promoting a digital “town square” to monopolizing truth through algorithmic control and personal intervention. Features such as increased tolerance for hate speech, arbitrary rule enforcement, and marginalization of dissent illustrate the move towards an illiberal, unaccountable regime. Ultimately, this article contends that X's rise signals the emergence of technofascism, where public space is controlled by unchecked power, erasing prospects for democratic debate.