Degree of affiliation and retail labour productivity in France, The Netherlands and the UK

Both authors work for the Department of Basic Research, Research Institute for Small and Medium Sized Business, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands. Labour productivity differences between large and small retail businesses are here studied within the framework of a model which also allows for productivity differences based on differences in average shop size and product differences. French, Dutch and British data are used. There is reason to believe that large retail businesses have a higher labour productivity than small businesses.