Depression and anxiety in later COVID-19 waves across Europe: New evidence from the European COvid Survey (ECOS)

André Hajek; Sebastian Neumann-Böhme; Iryna Sabat; Aleksandra Torbica; Jonas Schreyögg; Pedro Pita Barros; Tom Stargardt; Hans Helmut König

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114902

Depression and anxiety in later COVID-19 waves across Europe: New evidence from the European COvid Survey (ECOS)

André Hajek^*, Sebastian Neumann-Böhme, Iryna Sabat, Aleksandra Torbica, Jonas Schreyögg, Pedro Pita Barros, Tom Stargardt, Hans Helmut König

^*Corresponding author for this work

Health Economics (HE)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

19 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the prevalence of probable depression and anxiety and their correlates during later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight European countries. Longitudinal data (wave 7 in June/July 2021: n=8,032; wave 8 in September 2021: n=8,250; wave 9 in December 2021/January 2022: n=8,319) were used from the European COvid Survey – a representative sample of community-dwelling adults from several European countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, Netherlands, France, Portugal, Italy and Spain). In wave 7 (wave 8; wave 9), 23.8% (22.0%; 24.3%) of all respondents had probable depression and 22.6% (22.1%; 23.7%) had probable anxiety. These prevalence rates substantially differed between the European countries. Regressions showed that emerging difficulties with the income were associated with both increases in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. An increase in one's own perceived risk of getting infected with the SARS-CoV-2, the birth of a child and an increase in the Covid-19 stringency index were associated with increases in depressive symptoms. The significance of probable depression and anxiety during later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight European countries was highlighted. Avoiding income difficulties may also contribute to mental health.

Original language	English
Article number	114902
Journal	Psychiatry Research
Volume	317
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114902
Publication status	Published - Nov 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This project has received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG) under project number 466310982 and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 721402 , the work was funding under the Excellence Strategy by the German federal and state governments, as well as by the University of Hamburg, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management and Nova School of Business and Economics Lisbon–Chair BPI | “Fundação La Caixa” on Health Economics.

Publisher Copyright: © 2022

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114902

Depression and anxiety in later COVID-19 waves across EuropeFinal published version, 643 KB

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9576549/

Cite this

@article{d3cbe5e69d80482f9aaf32135dee17ce,

title = "Depression and anxiety in later COVID-19 waves across Europe: New evidence from the European COvid Survey (ECOS)",

abstract = "We aimed to investigate the prevalence of probable depression and anxiety and their correlates during later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight European countries. Longitudinal data (wave 7 in June/July 2021: n=8,032; wave 8 in September 2021: n=8,250; wave 9 in December 2021/January 2022: n=8,319) were used from the European COvid Survey – a representative sample of community-dwelling adults from several European countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, Netherlands, France, Portugal, Italy and Spain). In wave 7 (wave 8; wave 9), 23.8% (22.0%; 24.3%) of all respondents had probable depression and 22.6% (22.1%; 23.7%) had probable anxiety. These prevalence rates substantially differed between the European countries. Regressions showed that emerging difficulties with the income were associated with both increases in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. An increase in one's own perceived risk of getting infected with the SARS-CoV-2, the birth of a child and an increase in the Covid-19 stringency index were associated with increases in depressive symptoms. The significance of probable depression and anxiety during later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight European countries was highlighted. Avoiding income difficulties may also contribute to mental health.",

author = "Andr{\'e} Hajek and Sebastian Neumann-B{\"o}hme and Iryna Sabat and Aleksandra Torbica and Jonas Schrey{\"o}gg and Barros, {Pedro Pita} and Tom Stargardt and K{\"o}nig, {Hans Helmut}",

note = "Funding Information: This project has received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG) under project number 466310982 and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement No 721402 , the work was funding under the Excellence Strategy by the German federal and state governments, as well as by the University of Hamburg, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management and Nova School of Business and Economics Lisbon–Chair BPI | “Funda{\c c}{\~a}o La Caixa” on Health Economics. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",

year = "2022",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114902",

language = "English",

volume = "317",

journal = "Psychiatry Research",

issn = "0165-1781",

publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Depression and anxiety in later COVID-19 waves across Europe

T2 - New evidence from the European COvid Survey (ECOS)

AU - Hajek, André

AU - Neumann-Böhme, Sebastian

AU - Sabat, Iryna

AU - Torbica, Aleksandra

AU - Schreyögg, Jonas

AU - Barros, Pedro Pita

AU - Stargardt, Tom

AU - König, Hans Helmut

N1 - Funding Information: This project has received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG) under project number 466310982 and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 721402 , the work was funding under the Excellence Strategy by the German federal and state governments, as well as by the University of Hamburg, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management and Nova School of Business and Economics Lisbon–Chair BPI | “Fundação La Caixa” on Health Economics. Publisher Copyright: © 2022

PY - 2022/11

Y1 - 2022/11

N2 - We aimed to investigate the prevalence of probable depression and anxiety and their correlates during later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight European countries. Longitudinal data (wave 7 in June/July 2021: n=8,032; wave 8 in September 2021: n=8,250; wave 9 in December 2021/January 2022: n=8,319) were used from the European COvid Survey – a representative sample of community-dwelling adults from several European countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, Netherlands, France, Portugal, Italy and Spain). In wave 7 (wave 8; wave 9), 23.8% (22.0%; 24.3%) of all respondents had probable depression and 22.6% (22.1%; 23.7%) had probable anxiety. These prevalence rates substantially differed between the European countries. Regressions showed that emerging difficulties with the income were associated with both increases in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. An increase in one's own perceived risk of getting infected with the SARS-CoV-2, the birth of a child and an increase in the Covid-19 stringency index were associated with increases in depressive symptoms. The significance of probable depression and anxiety during later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight European countries was highlighted. Avoiding income difficulties may also contribute to mental health.

AB - We aimed to investigate the prevalence of probable depression and anxiety and their correlates during later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight European countries. Longitudinal data (wave 7 in June/July 2021: n=8,032; wave 8 in September 2021: n=8,250; wave 9 in December 2021/January 2022: n=8,319) were used from the European COvid Survey – a representative sample of community-dwelling adults from several European countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, Netherlands, France, Portugal, Italy and Spain). In wave 7 (wave 8; wave 9), 23.8% (22.0%; 24.3%) of all respondents had probable depression and 22.6% (22.1%; 23.7%) had probable anxiety. These prevalence rates substantially differed between the European countries. Regressions showed that emerging difficulties with the income were associated with both increases in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. An increase in one's own perceived risk of getting infected with the SARS-CoV-2, the birth of a child and an increase in the Covid-19 stringency index were associated with increases in depressive symptoms. The significance of probable depression and anxiety during later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight European countries was highlighted. Avoiding income difficulties may also contribute to mental health.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140095359&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114902

DO - 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114902

M3 - Article

C2 - 37732851

AN - SCOPUS:85140095359

SN - 0165-1781

VL - 317

JO - Psychiatry Research

JF - Psychiatry Research

M1 - 114902

ER -

Depression and anxiety in later COVID-19 waves across Europe: New evidence from the European COvid Survey (ECOS)

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this