Determinants of embryonic and foetal growth

The main aims of this thesis were:
1. To investigate whether there are associations between determinants related to the living environment (in particular neighbourhood deprivation and air pollution) and embryonic growth, foetal growth and pregnancy outcomes;
2. To assess the associations between maternal cardiometabolic determinants in pregnancy (lipid status and the presence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy)
and embryonic growth, foetal growth and childhood outcomes;
3. To investigate the impact of neighbourhood deprivation on the effectiveness of
the mHealth “Smarter Pregnancy” program, aimed at improving nutrition and lifestyle behaviours;