Abstract
Introduction: Kidney function declines with age, but its determinants in the general population remain incompletely understood. We investigated the rate and determinants of kidney function decline in the general population. Methods: Participants with information on kidney function were selected from a population-based cohort study. Joint models were used to investigate the evolution of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, expressed in ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year) and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR, expressed in mg/g per year) with age. We stratified for 8 potential determinants of kidney function decline, including sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease. Results: We included 12,062 participants with 85,922 eGFR assessments (mean age 67.0 years, 58.7% women) and 3522 participants with 5995 ACR measurements. The annual eGFR decline was 0.82 and the ACR increase was 0.05. All determinants appeared detrimental for eGFR and ACR, except for prediabetes and higher body mass index which proved only detrimental for ACR. In participants without the determinants, eGFR decline was 0.75 and ACR increase was 0.002. Higher baseline eGFR but faster eGFR decline with age was detected in men (0.92 vs. 0.75), smokers (0.90 vs. 0.75), and participants with diabetes (1.07 vs. 0.78). Conclusion: We identify prediabetes, smoking, and blood pressure as modifiable risk factors for kidney function decline. As with diabetes, hyperfiltration seems important in accelerated kidney function decline in men and smokers. The interpretation of kidney function decline may require adjustment for age and sex to prevent overdiagnosis of chronic kidney disease in aging populations.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 3054-3063 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Kidney International Reports |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue number | 12 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Acknowledgements:The authors gratefully acknowledge the dedication, commitment, and contribution of the study participants, the staff of the Rotterdam Study, and the participating general practitioners and pharmacists. The Rotterdam Study is funded by the Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE), the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII), and the Municipality of Rotterdam. None of the funders had any role in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 International Society of Nephrology
