Distinct Conformations of Vitamin D Receptor/Retinoid X Receptor-α Heterodimers Are Specified by Dinucleotide Differences in the Vitamin D-Responsive Elements of the Osteocalcin and Osteopontin Genes

A. Staal*, A. J. Van Wijnen, J. C. Birkenhäger, H. A.P. Pols, J. Prahl, H. DeLuca, Marie Pierre Gaub, J. B. Lian, G. S. Stein, J. P.T.M. Van Leeuwen, J. L. Stein

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

83 Citations (Scopus)
12 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3)-dependent stimulation of osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP) gene transcription in bone tissue is mediated by interactions of trans-activating factors with distinct VD3-responsive elements (VDREs). Sequence variation between the OC- and OP-VDRE steroid hormone half-elements provides the potential for recognition by distinct hormone receptor homoand heterodimers. However, the exact composition of endogenous VD3- induced complexes recognizing the OC- and OP-VDREs in osteoblasts has not been definitively established. To determine the identity of these complexes, we performed gel shift immunoassays with nuclear proteins from ROS 17/ 2.8 osteoblastic cells using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. We show that VD3- inducible complexes interacting with the OC- and OP-VDREs represent two distinct heterodimeric complexes, each composed of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the retinoid X receptor-α (RXR). The OC- and OP-VDR/RXRα heterodimers are immunoreactive with RXR antibodies and several antibodies directed against the ligand-binding domain of the VDR. However, while the OC-VDRE complex is also efficiently recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies contacting epitopes in or near the VDR DNA-binding domain (DBD) (between amino acids 57-164), the OP-VDRE complex is not efficiently recognized by these antibodies. By systematically introducing a series of point-mutations in the OC-VDRE, we find that two internal nucleotides of the proximal OC-VDRE half-site (nucleotide -449 and -448; 5′-AGGACA) determine differences in VDR immunoreactivity. These results are consistent with the well established polarity of RXR heterodimer binding to bipartite hormone response elements, with the VDR recognizing the 3′-half-element. Furthermore, our data suggest that the DBD of the VDR adopts different protein conformations when contacting distinct VDREs. Distinctions between the OC- and OP-VDR/RXRα complexes may reflect specialized requirements for VD3 regulation of OC and OP gene expression in response to physiological cues mediating osteoblast differentiation.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1444-1456
Number of pages13
JournalMolecular Endocrinology
Volume10
Issue number11
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Nov 1996

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Distinct Conformations of Vitamin D Receptor/Retinoid X Receptor-α Heterodimers Are Specified by Dinucleotide Differences in the Vitamin D-Responsive Elements of the Osteocalcin and Osteopontin Genes'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this