Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is tightly controlled in duration and intensity during embryonic development and in the adult to maintain tissue homeostasis. To visualize the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling kinetics, we developed a dynamic TGF-β/SMAD3 transcriptional fluorescent reporter using multimerized SMAD3/4 binding elements driving the expression of a quickly folded and highly unstable GFP protein. We demonstrate the specificity and sensitivity of this reporter and its wide application to monitor dynamic TGF-β/SMAD3 transcriptional responses in both 2D and 3D systems in vitro, as well as in vivo, using live-cell and intravital imaging. Using this reporter in B16F10 cells, we observed single cell heterogeneity in response to TGF-β challenge, which can be categorized into early, late, and non-responders. Because of its broad application potential, this reporter allows for new discoveries into how TGF-β/SMAD3-dependent transcriptional dynamics are affected during multistep and reversible biological processes.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2508 |
| Journal | Cancers |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue number | 10 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 19 May 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Funding: This research was supported by a Gisela Thier fellowship to L.R. from the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), a Veni grant to L.R. from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) (016.176.081), a subsidy from the Leids Universiteits Fonds to L.R. (LUF) (CWB 7204), ZonMW grant (09120012010061) (P.t.D) and the Doctor Josef Steiner Foundation (J.v.R.). L.R., P.t.D, and J.v.R. were supported by a subsidy from the Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (CGC.NL).
Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
UN SDGs
This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
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