Efficacy of locoregional analgesic techniques after laparotomy for gynecologic cancer: a systematic review

Objective To determine which locoregional techniques are effective in managing post-operative pain in major open oncologic gynecologic surgery in terms of pain scores and opioid consumption when epidural analgesia is not a feasible option.Methods A systematic review of the literature, based on the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was conducted. The ROB-2 assessment was used to assess bias. The primary outcomes were opioid consumption and post-operative pain scores. Secondary outcomes included post-operative markers such as time to mobilization and bowel movement.Results A total of nine studies (n=714) were included in the analysis. Eight studies had a low risk of bias. Five different forms of locoregional analgesia were described. Eight studies compared with placebo and one study compared rectus sheath block with epidural analgesia. Three of the five studies investigating transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks showed an improvement in pain scores and opioid consumption when compared with the placebo group. One study investigating rectus sheath blocks and another investigating paravertebral blocks demonstrated significantly less opioid consumption and improved pain scores at certain time points. The studies investigating continuous wound infiltration and superior hypogastric plexus block found no significant effect. No adverse effects of locoregional anesthesia were found.Conclusion Our study showed that TAP blocks, rectus sheath blocks, and paravertebral blocks may decrease opioid consumption and improve pain scores in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery for gynecologic cancer. Additionally, these techniques might serve as a viable alternative for patients with contraindications to epidural analgesia.