TY - JOUR
T1 - Emergence and Potential Extinction of Genetic Lineages of Human Metapneumovirus between 2005 and 2021
AU - Groen, Kevin
AU - Van Nieuwkoop, Stefan
AU - Meijer, Adam
AU - Van Der Veer, Bas
AU - van Kampen, Jeroen J.A.
AU - Fraaij, Pieter L.
AU - Fouchier, Ron A.M.
AU - Van Den Hoogen, Bernadette G.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by Horizon 2020 research and innovation program grant number 874735 (VEO) from the European Union. The Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport funded the GP sentinel surveillance.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Groen et al.
PY - 2023/2
Y1 - 2023/2
N2 - Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory illness (RI), primarily in infants. Worldwide, two genetic lineages (A and B) of HMPV are circulating that are antigenically distinct and can each be further divided into genetic sublineages. Surveillance combined with large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies of HMPV are scarce but would help to identify viral evolutionary dynamics. Here, we analyzed 130 whole HMPV genome sequences obtained from samples collected from individuals hospitalized with RI and partial fusion (n = 144) and attachment (n = 123) protein gene sequences obtained from samples collected from patients with RI visiting general practitioners between 2005 and 2021 in the Netherlands. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that HMPV continued to group in the four sublineages described in 2004 (A1, A2, B1, and B2). However, one sublineage (A1) was no longer detected in the Netherlands after 2006, while the others continued to evolve. No differences were observed in dominant (sub)lineages between samples obtained from patients with RI being hospitalized and those consulting general practitioners. In both populations, viruses of lineage A2 carrying a 180-nucleotide or 111-nucleotide duplication in the attachment protein gene became the most frequently detected genotypes. In the past, different names for the newly energing lineages have been proposed, demonstrating the need for a consistent naming convention. Here, criteria are proposed for the designation of new genetic lineages to aid in moving toward a systematic HMPV classification.
AB - Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory illness (RI), primarily in infants. Worldwide, two genetic lineages (A and B) of HMPV are circulating that are antigenically distinct and can each be further divided into genetic sublineages. Surveillance combined with large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies of HMPV are scarce but would help to identify viral evolutionary dynamics. Here, we analyzed 130 whole HMPV genome sequences obtained from samples collected from individuals hospitalized with RI and partial fusion (n = 144) and attachment (n = 123) protein gene sequences obtained from samples collected from patients with RI visiting general practitioners between 2005 and 2021 in the Netherlands. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that HMPV continued to group in the four sublineages described in 2004 (A1, A2, B1, and B2). However, one sublineage (A1) was no longer detected in the Netherlands after 2006, while the others continued to evolve. No differences were observed in dominant (sub)lineages between samples obtained from patients with RI being hospitalized and those consulting general practitioners. In both populations, viruses of lineage A2 carrying a 180-nucleotide or 111-nucleotide duplication in the attachment protein gene became the most frequently detected genotypes. In the past, different names for the newly energing lineages have been proposed, demonstrating the need for a consistent naming convention. Here, criteria are proposed for the designation of new genetic lineages to aid in moving toward a systematic HMPV classification.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85149154267&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1128/mbio.02280-22
DO - 10.1128/mbio.02280-22
M3 - Article
C2 - 36507832
AN - SCOPUS:85149154267
SN - 2161-2129
VL - 14
JO - mBio
JF - mBio
IS - 1
ER -
