First detection and autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the Netherlands, October to November, 2025

Jelte Elsinga; Celine Van de Ven; Anne De Vries; Hester Coppoolse; Mariska Petrignani; Brigitte Van Cleef; Riemer Van Markus; Nora Carpay; Catharina E. Van Ewijk; Sjoerd Rebers; Aldert Bart; Karin J. Von Eije; Brenda Westerhuis; Sylvia Bruisten; Leonard Schuele; Marjan Boter; Richard Molenkamp; Bregtje Lemkes; Suzanne Geerlings; Henry J.C. De Vries; Marion Koopmans; Marcel Jonges; Bas B. Oude Munnink; Matthijs R.A. Welkers

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.3.2500958

First detection and autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the Netherlands, October to November, 2025

Jelte Elsinga
, Celine Van de Ven
, Anne De Vries
, Hester Coppoolse
, Mariska Petrignani
, Brigitte Van Cleef
, Riemer Van Markus
, Nora Carpay
, Catharina E. Van Ewijk
, Sjoerd Rebers
, Aldert Bart
, Karin J. Von Eije
, Brenda Westerhuis
, Sylvia Bruisten
, Leonard Schuele
, Marjan Boter
, Richard Molenkamp
, Bregtje Lemkes
, Suzanne Geerlings
, Henry J.C. De Vries

Marion Koopmans, Marcel Jonges, Bas B. Oude Munnink, Matthijs R.A. Welkers^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Virology

University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases
Public Health Service Haaglanden
Public Health Service Gooi and Vechtstreek
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
National Institute of Public Health and the Environment
Tergooi Medisch Centrum
Public Health Service of Amsterdam
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
Amsterdam UMC

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

In October–November 2025, eight autochthonous cases of monkeypox (MPXV) clade Ib virus infection were reported in the Netherlands. All cases were men who have sex with men aged 25–65; none required hospital admission or antiviral treatment. Phylogenetic analysis combined with contact tracing suggest multiple introductions or cryptic circulation with onwards transmission within the community. Highly related international sequences were identified dating back to August 2025, indicating sustained global community transmission of clade Ib outside the African continent.

Original language	English
Article number	2500958
Journal	Eurosurveillance
Volume	31
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.3.2500958
Publication status	Published - Jan 2026

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025, by authors. All rights reserved.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

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10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.3.2500958Licence: CC BY

First detection and autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the Netherlands, October to November, 2025Final published version, 244 KBLicence: CC BY

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Elsinga, J., Van de Ven, C., De Vries, A., Coppoolse, H., Petrignani, M., Van Cleef, B., Van Markus, R., Carpay, N., Van Ewijk, C. E., Rebers, S., Bart, A., Von Eije, K. J., Westerhuis, B., Bruisten, S., Schuele, L., Boter, M., Molenkamp, R., Lemkes, B., Geerlings, S., ... Welkers, M. R. A. (2026). First detection and autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the Netherlands, October to November, 2025. Eurosurveillance, 31(3), Article 2500958. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.3.2500958

@article{fc75f81ca4e94d77b4a3a226f37191e4,

title = "First detection and autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the Netherlands, October to November, 2025",

abstract = "In October{\textendash}November 2025, eight autochthonous cases of monkeypox (MPXV) clade Ib virus infection were reported in the Netherlands. All cases were men who have sex with men aged 25{\textendash}65; none required hospital admission or antiviral treatment. Phylogenetic analysis combined with contact tracing suggest multiple introductions or cryptic circulation with onwards transmission within the community. Highly related international sequences were identified dating back to August 2025, indicating sustained global community transmission of clade Ib outside the African continent.",

author = "Jelte Elsinga and \{Van de Ven\}, Celine and \{De Vries\}, Anne and Hester Coppoolse and Mariska Petrignani and \{Van Cleef\}, Brigitte and \{Van Markus\}, Riemer and Nora Carpay and \{Van Ewijk\}, \{Catharina E.\} and Sjoerd Rebers and Aldert Bart and \{Von Eije\}, \{Karin J.\} and Brenda Westerhuis and Sylvia Bruisten and Leonard Schuele and Marjan Boter and Richard Molenkamp and Bregtje Lemkes and Suzanne Geerlings and \{De Vries\}, \{Henry J.C.\} and Marion Koopmans and Marcel Jonges and \{Oude Munnink\}, \{Bas B.\} and Welkers, \{Matthijs R.A.\}",

year = "2026",

month = jan,

doi = "10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.3.2500958",

language = "English",

volume = "31",

journal = "Eurosurveillance",

issn = "1025-496X",

publisher = "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)",

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Elsinga, J, Van de Ven, C, De Vries, A, Coppoolse, H, Petrignani, M, Van Cleef, B, Van Markus, R, Carpay, N, Van Ewijk, CE, Rebers, S, Bart, A, Von Eije, KJ, Westerhuis, B, Bruisten, S, Schuele, L , Boter, M , Molenkamp, R, Lemkes, B, Geerlings, S, De Vries, HJC, Koopmans, M, Jonges, M, Oude Munnink, BB & Welkers, MRA 2026, 'First detection and autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the Netherlands, October to November, 2025', Eurosurveillance, vol. 31, no. 3, 2500958. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.3.2500958

TY - JOUR

T1 - First detection and autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the Netherlands, October to November, 2025

AU - Elsinga, Jelte

AU - Van de Ven, Celine

AU - De Vries, Anne

AU - Coppoolse, Hester

AU - Petrignani, Mariska

AU - Van Cleef, Brigitte

AU - Van Markus, Riemer

AU - Carpay, Nora

AU - Van Ewijk, Catharina E.

AU - Rebers, Sjoerd

AU - Bart, Aldert

AU - Von Eije, Karin J.

AU - Westerhuis, Brenda

AU - Bruisten, Sylvia

AU - Schuele, Leonard

AU - Boter, Marjan

AU - Molenkamp, Richard

AU - Lemkes, Bregtje

AU - Geerlings, Suzanne

AU - De Vries, Henry J.C.

AU - Koopmans, Marion

AU - Jonges, Marcel

AU - Oude Munnink, Bas B.

AU - Welkers, Matthijs R.A.

PY - 2026/1

Y1 - 2026/1

N2 - In October–November 2025, eight autochthonous cases of monkeypox (MPXV) clade Ib virus infection were reported in the Netherlands. All cases were men who have sex with men aged 25–65; none required hospital admission or antiviral treatment. Phylogenetic analysis combined with contact tracing suggest multiple introductions or cryptic circulation with onwards transmission within the community. Highly related international sequences were identified dating back to August 2025, indicating sustained global community transmission of clade Ib outside the African continent.

AB - In October–November 2025, eight autochthonous cases of monkeypox (MPXV) clade Ib virus infection were reported in the Netherlands. All cases were men who have sex with men aged 25–65; none required hospital admission or antiviral treatment. Phylogenetic analysis combined with contact tracing suggest multiple introductions or cryptic circulation with onwards transmission within the community. Highly related international sequences were identified dating back to August 2025, indicating sustained global community transmission of clade Ib outside the African continent.

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AN - SCOPUS:105028340615

SN - 1025-496X

VL - 31

JO - Eurosurveillance

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IS - 3

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ER -

First detection and autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the Netherlands, October to November, 2025

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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