Abstract
Original language | Undefined/Unknown |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 1005-1070 |
Number of pages | 66 |
Journal | Lancet (UK) |
Volume | 384 |
Issue number | 9947 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2014 |
Research programs
- EMC NIHES-02-65-01
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In: Lancet (UK), Vol. 384, No. 9947, 2014, p. 1005-1070.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
AU - Murray, CJL
AU - Ortblad, KF
AU - Guinovart, C
AU - Lim, SS
AU - Wolock, TM
AU - Roberts, DA
AU - Dansereau, EA
AU - Graetz, N
AU - Barber, RM
AU - Brown, JC
AU - Wang, HD
AU - Duber, HC
AU - Naghavi, M
AU - Dicker, D
AU - Dandona, L
AU - Salomon, JA
AU - Heuton, KR
AU - Foreman, K
AU - Phillips, DE
AU - Fleming, TD
AU - Flaxman, AD
AU - Phillips, BK
AU - Johnson, EK
AU - Coggeshall, MS
AU - Abd-Allah, F
AU - Abera, SF
AU - Abraham, JP
AU - Abubakar, I
AU - Abu-Raddad, LJ
AU - Abu-Rmeileh, NM
AU - Achoki, T
AU - Adeyemo, AO
AU - Adou, AK
AU - Adsuar, JC
AU - Agardh, EE
AU - Akena, D
AU - Al Kahbouri, MJ
AU - Alasfoor, D
AU - Albittar, MI
AU - Alcala-Cerra, G
AU - Alegretti, MA
AU - Alemu, ZA
AU - Alfonso-Cristancho, R
AU - Alhabib, S
AU - Ali, R
AU - Alla, F
AU - Allen, PJ
AU - Alsharif, U
AU - Alvarez, E
AU - Alvis-Guzman, N
AU - Amankwaa, AA
AU - Amare, AT
AU - Amini, H
AU - Ammar, W
AU - Anderson, BO
AU - Antonio, CAT
AU - Anwari, P
AU - Arnlov, J
AU - Arsenijevic, VSA
AU - Artaman, A
AU - Asghar, RJ
AU - Assadi, R
AU - Atkins, LS
AU - Badawi, A
AU - Balakrishnan, K
AU - Banerjee, A
AU - Basu, Sreya
AU - Beardsley, J
AU - Bekele, T
AU - Bell, ML
AU - Bernabe, E
AU - Beyene, TJ
AU - Bhala, N
AU - Bhalla, A
AU - Bhutta, ZA
AU - Bin Abdulhak, A
AU - Binagwaho, A
AU - Blore, JD
AU - Basara, BB
AU - Bose, D
AU - Brainin, M
AU - Breitborde, N
AU - Castaneda-Orjuela, CA
AU - Catala-Lopez, F
AU - Chadha, VK
AU - Chang, JC
AU - Chiang, PPC
AU - Chuang, TW
AU - Colomar, M
AU - Cooper, LT
AU - Cooper, C
AU - Courville, KJ
AU - Cowie, BC
AU - Criqui, MH
AU - Dandona, R
AU - Dayama, A
AU - De Leo, D
AU - Degenhardt, L
AU - Del Pozo-Cruz, B
AU - Deribe, K
AU - Des Jarlais, DC
AU - Dessalegn, M
AU - Dharmaratne, SD
AU - Dilmen, U
AU - Ding, EL
AU - Driscoll, TR
AU - Durrani, AM
AU - Ellenbogen, RG
AU - Ermakov, SP
AU - Esteghamati, A
AU - Faraon, EJA
AU - Farzadfar, F
AU - Fereshtehnejad, SM
AU - Fijabi, DO
AU - Forouzanfar, MH
AU - Paleo, UF
AU - Gaffikin, L
AU - Gamkrelidze, A
AU - Gankpe, FG
AU - Geleijnse, JM (Marianne)
AU - Gessner, BD
AU - Gibney, KB
AU - Ginawi, IAM
AU - Glaser, EL
AU - Gona, P
AU - Goto, A
AU - Gouda, HN
AU - Gugnani, HC
AU - Gupta, R
AU - Hafezi-Nejad, N
AU - Hamadeh, RR
AU - Hammami, M
AU - Hankey, GJ
AU - Harb, HL
AU - Haro, JM
AU - Havmoeller, R
AU - Hay, SI
AU - Hedayati, MT
AU - Pi, IBH
AU - Hoek, HW
AU - Hornberger, JC
AU - Hosgood, HD
AU - Hotez, PJ
AU - Hoy, DG
AU - Huang, JJ
AU - Iburg, KM
AU - Idrisov, BT
AU - Innos, K
AU - Jacobsen, KH
AU - Jeemon, P
AU - Jensen, PN
AU - Jha, V
AU - Jiang, GH
AU - Jonas, JB
AU - Juel, K
AU - Kan, HD
AU - Kankindi, I
AU - Karam, NE
AU - Karch, A
AU - Karema, CK
AU - Kaul, A
AU - Kawakami, N
AU - Kazi, DS
AU - Kemp, AH
AU - Kengne, AP
AU - Keren, A
AU - Kereselidze, M
AU - Khader, YS
AU - Khalifa, SEAH
AU - Khan, EA
AU - Khang, YH
AU - Khonelidze, I
AU - Kinfu, Y
AU - Kinge, JM
AU - Knibbs, L
AU - Kokubo, Y
AU - Kosen, S
AU - Defo, BK
AU - Kulkarni, VS
AU - Kulkarni, C
AU - Kumar, K (Kuldeep)
AU - Kumar, RB
AU - Kumar, GA
AU - Kwan, GF
AU - Lai, T
AU - Balaji, AL
AU - Lam, H
AU - Lan, Q
AU - Lansingh, VC
AU - Larson, HJ
AU - Larsson, A
AU - Lee, JT
AU - Leigh, J
AU - Leinsalu, M
AU - Leung, R
AU - Li, YC
AU - Li, YM
AU - De Lima, GMF
AU - Lin, HH
AU - Lipshultz, SE
AU - Liu, SW
AU - Liu, Y
AU - Lloyd, BK
AU - Lotufo, PA
AU - Machado, VMP
AU - Maclachlan, JH
AU - Magis-Rodriguez, C
AU - Majdan, M
AU - Mapoma, CC
AU - Marcenes, W
AU - Marzan, MB
AU - Masci, JR
AU - Mashal, MT
AU - Mason-Jones, AJ
AU - Mayosi, BM
AU - Mazorodze, TT
AU - Mckay, AC
AU - Meaney, PA
AU - Mehndiratta, MM
AU - Mejia-Rodriguez, F
AU - Melaku, YA
AU - Memish, ZA
AU - Mendoza, W
AU - Miller, TR
AU - Mills, EJ
AU - Mohammad, KA
AU - Mokdad, AH
AU - Mola, GL
AU - Monasta, L
AU - Montico, M
AU - Moore, AR
AU - Mori, R
AU - Moturi, WN
AU - Mukaigawara, M
AU - Murthy, KS
AU - Naheed, A
AU - Naidoo, KS
AU - Naldi, L
AU - Nangia, V
AU - Narayan, KMV
AU - Nash, D
AU - Nejjari, C
AU - Nelson, RG
AU - Neupane, SP
AU - Newton, CR
AU - Ng, M
AU - Nisar, MI
AU - Nolte, S
AU - Norheim, OF
AU - Nowaseb, V
AU - Nyakarahuka, L
AU - Oh, IH
AU - Ohkubo, T
AU - Olusanya, BO
AU - Omer, SB
AU - Opio, JN
AU - Orisakwe, OE
AU - Pandian, JD
AU - Papachristou, C
AU - Caicedo, AJP
AU - Patten, SB
AU - Paul, VK
AU - Pavlin, BI
AU - Pearce, N
AU - Pereira, DM
AU - Pervaiz, A
AU - Pesudovs, K
AU - Petzold, M
AU - Pourmalek, F
AU - Qato, D
AU - Quezada, AD
AU - Quistberg, DA
AU - Rafay, A
AU - Rahimi, Karina
AU - Rahimi-Movaghar, V
AU - Rahman, SU
AU - Raju, M
AU - Rana, SM
AU - Razavi, H
AU - Reilly, RQ
AU - Remuzzi, G
AU - Richardus, Jan hendrik
AU - Ronfani, L
AU - van Roy, N
AU - Sabin, N
AU - Saeedi, MY
AU - Sahraian, MA
AU - Samonte, GMJ
AU - Sawhney, M
AU - Schneider, IJC
AU - Schwebel, DC
AU - Seedat, S
AU - Sepanlou, SG
AU - Servan-Mori, EE
AU - Sheikhbahaei, S
AU - Shibuya, K
AU - Shin, HH
AU - Shiue, I
AU - Shivakoti, R
AU - Sigfusdottir, ID
AU - Silberberg, DH
AU - Silva, AP
AU - Simard, EP
AU - Singh, JA
AU - Skirbekk, V
AU - Sliwa, K
AU - Soneji, S
AU - Soshnikov, SS
AU - Sreeramareddy, CT
AU - Stathopoulou, VK
AU - Stroumpoulis, K
AU - Swaminathan, S
AU - Sykes, BL
AU - Tabb, KM
AU - Talongwa, RT
AU - Tenkorang, EY
AU - Terkawi, AS
AU - Thomson, AJ
AU - Thorne-Lyman, AL
AU - Towbin, JA
AU - Traebert, J
AU - Tran, BX
AU - Dimbuene, ZT
AU - Tsilimbaris, M
AU - Uchendu, US
AU - Ukwaja, KN
AU - Uzun, SB
AU - Vallely, AJ
AU - Vasankari, TJ
AU - Venketasubramanian, N
AU - Violante, FS
AU - Vlassov, VV
AU - Vollset, SE
AU - Waller, S
AU - Wallin, MT
AU - Wang, LH
AU - Wang, XR
AU - Wang, YP
AU - Weichenthal, S
AU - Weiderpass, E
AU - Weintraub, RG
AU - Westerman, R
AU - White, RA
AU - Wilkinson, JD
AU - Williams, TN
AU - Woldeyohannes, SM
AU - Wong, JQ
AU - Xu, GL
AU - Yang, YC
AU - Yano, Y
AU - Yentur, GK
AU - Yip, P
AU - Yonemoto, N
AU - Yoon, SJ
AU - Younis, M
AU - Yu, CH
AU - Jin, KY
AU - Zaki, ME
AU - Zhao, Y
AU - Zheng, YF
AU - Zhou, MG
AU - Zhu, J
AU - Zou, XN
AU - Lopez, AD
AU - de Vos, T
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Background The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration. Methods To estimate incidence and mortality for HIV, we used the UNAIDS Spectrum model appropriately modified based on a systematic review of available studies of mortality with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART). For concentrated epidemics, we calibrated Spectrum models to fit vital registration data corrected for misclassification of HIV deaths. In generalised epidemics, we minimised a loss function to select epidemic curves most consistent with prevalence data and demographic data for all-cause mortality. We analysed counterfactual scenarios for HIV to assess years of life saved through prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and ART. For tuberculosis, we analysed vital registration and verbal autopsy data to estimate mortality using cause of death ensemble modelling. We analysed data for corrected case-notifications, expert opinions on the case-detection rate, prevalence surveys, and estimated cause-specific mortality using Bayesian meta-regression to generate consistent trends in all parameters. We analysed malaria mortality and incidence using an updated cause of death database, a systematic analysis of verbal autopsy validation studies for malaria, and recent studies (2010-13) of incidence, drug resistance, and coverage of insecticide-treated bednets. Findings Globally in 2013, there were 1.8 million new HIV infections (95% uncertainty interval 1.7 million to 2.1 million), 29.2 million prevalent HIV cases (28.1 to 31.7), and 1.3 million HIV deaths (1.3 to 1.5). At the peak of the epidemic in 2005, HIV caused 1.7 million deaths (1.6 million to 1.9 million). Concentrated epidemics in Latin America and eastern Europe are substantially smaller than previously estimated. Through interventions including PMTCT and ART, 19.1 million life-years (16.6 million to 21.5 million) have been saved, 70.3% (65.4 to 76.1) in developing countries. From 2000 to 2011, the ratio of development assistance for health for HIV to years of life saved through intervention was US$4498 in developing countries. Including in HIV-positive individuals, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7.5 million (7.4 million to 7.7 million), prevalence was 11.9 million (11.6 million to 12.2 million), and number of deaths was 1.4 million (1.3 million to 1.5 million) in 2013. In the same year and in only individuals who were HIV-negative, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7.1 million (6.9 million to 7.3 million), prevalence was 11.2 million (10.8 million to 11.6 million), and number of deaths was 1.3 million (1.2 million to 1.4 million). Annualised rates of change (ARC) for incidence, prevalence, and death became negative after 2000. Tuberculosis in HIV-negative individuals disproportionately occurs in men and boys (versus women and girls); 64.0% of cases (63.6 to 64.3) and 64.7% of deaths (60.8 to 70.3). Globally, malaria cases and deaths grew rapidly from 1990 reaching a peak of 232 million cases (143 million to 387 million) in 2003 and 1.2 million deaths (1.1 million to 1.4 million) in 2004. Since 2004, child deaths from malaria in sub-Saharan Africa have decreased by 31.5% (15.7 to 44.1). Outside of Africa, malaria mortality has been steadily decreasing since 1990. Interpretation Our estimates of the number of people living with HIV are 18.7% smaller than UNAIDS's estimates in 2012. The number of people living with malaria is larger than estimated by WHO. The number of people living with HIV, tuberculosis, or malaria have all decreased since 2000. At the global level, upward trends for malaria and HIV deaths have been reversed and declines in tuberculosis deaths have accelerated. 101 countries (74 of which are developing) still have increasing HIV incidence. Substantial progress since the Millennium Declaration is an encouraging sign of the effect of global action.
AB - Background The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration. Methods To estimate incidence and mortality for HIV, we used the UNAIDS Spectrum model appropriately modified based on a systematic review of available studies of mortality with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART). For concentrated epidemics, we calibrated Spectrum models to fit vital registration data corrected for misclassification of HIV deaths. In generalised epidemics, we minimised a loss function to select epidemic curves most consistent with prevalence data and demographic data for all-cause mortality. We analysed counterfactual scenarios for HIV to assess years of life saved through prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and ART. For tuberculosis, we analysed vital registration and verbal autopsy data to estimate mortality using cause of death ensemble modelling. We analysed data for corrected case-notifications, expert opinions on the case-detection rate, prevalence surveys, and estimated cause-specific mortality using Bayesian meta-regression to generate consistent trends in all parameters. We analysed malaria mortality and incidence using an updated cause of death database, a systematic analysis of verbal autopsy validation studies for malaria, and recent studies (2010-13) of incidence, drug resistance, and coverage of insecticide-treated bednets. Findings Globally in 2013, there were 1.8 million new HIV infections (95% uncertainty interval 1.7 million to 2.1 million), 29.2 million prevalent HIV cases (28.1 to 31.7), and 1.3 million HIV deaths (1.3 to 1.5). At the peak of the epidemic in 2005, HIV caused 1.7 million deaths (1.6 million to 1.9 million). Concentrated epidemics in Latin America and eastern Europe are substantially smaller than previously estimated. Through interventions including PMTCT and ART, 19.1 million life-years (16.6 million to 21.5 million) have been saved, 70.3% (65.4 to 76.1) in developing countries. From 2000 to 2011, the ratio of development assistance for health for HIV to years of life saved through intervention was US$4498 in developing countries. Including in HIV-positive individuals, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7.5 million (7.4 million to 7.7 million), prevalence was 11.9 million (11.6 million to 12.2 million), and number of deaths was 1.4 million (1.3 million to 1.5 million) in 2013. In the same year and in only individuals who were HIV-negative, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7.1 million (6.9 million to 7.3 million), prevalence was 11.2 million (10.8 million to 11.6 million), and number of deaths was 1.3 million (1.2 million to 1.4 million). Annualised rates of change (ARC) for incidence, prevalence, and death became negative after 2000. Tuberculosis in HIV-negative individuals disproportionately occurs in men and boys (versus women and girls); 64.0% of cases (63.6 to 64.3) and 64.7% of deaths (60.8 to 70.3). Globally, malaria cases and deaths grew rapidly from 1990 reaching a peak of 232 million cases (143 million to 387 million) in 2003 and 1.2 million deaths (1.1 million to 1.4 million) in 2004. Since 2004, child deaths from malaria in sub-Saharan Africa have decreased by 31.5% (15.7 to 44.1). Outside of Africa, malaria mortality has been steadily decreasing since 1990. Interpretation Our estimates of the number of people living with HIV are 18.7% smaller than UNAIDS's estimates in 2012. The number of people living with malaria is larger than estimated by WHO. The number of people living with HIV, tuberculosis, or malaria have all decreased since 2000. At the global level, upward trends for malaria and HIV deaths have been reversed and declines in tuberculosis deaths have accelerated. 101 countries (74 of which are developing) still have increasing HIV incidence. Substantial progress since the Millennium Declaration is an encouraging sign of the effect of global action.
U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60844-8
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60844-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 25059949
SN - 0140-6736
VL - 384
SP - 1005
EP - 1070
JO - Lancet (UK)
JF - Lancet (UK)
IS - 9947
ER -