Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19

Wouter L. Smit; Sophie van Tol; Sanne van der Wal; Femke van Vulpen; Shannon la Grouw; Lenneke van Lelyveld; Gijs Limonard; Ailko Bossink; Gert Jan Godeke; Sandhya Shrestha; Johan Reimerink; Dirk Eggink; Chantal Reusken; Michiel Heron; Steven Thijsen

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.839367

Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19

Wouter L. Smit, Sophie van Tol, Sanne van der Wal, Femke van Vulpen, Shannon la Grouw, Lenneke van Lelyveld, Gijs Limonard, Ailko Bossink, Gert Jan Godeke, Sandhya Shrestha, Johan Reimerink, Dirk Eggink, Chantal Reusken, Michiel Heron, Steven Thijsen^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

Defining immune correlates of disease severity is important to better understand the immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Here we made use of a protein microarray platform to detect IgG- and IgA-reactive antibodies in sera and saliva respectively, and assess cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses (eCoVs). IgG responses against the full protein of spike, but not the S1 subunit, were significantly higher in convalescent sera of patients with severe disease compared to mild disease and healthy controls. In addition, we detected reactivity of secretory IgA to eCoVs in saliva of patients with severe disease, not present in patients with moderate disease or seropositive healthy controls. These heterologous immune responses are in line with non-protective cross-reactivity, and support a potential role for immune imprinting in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.

Original language	English
Article number	839367
Journal	Frontiers in Immunology
Volume	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.839367
Publication status	Published - 9 Mar 2022
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Smit, van Tol, Wal, van Vulpen, la Grouw, van Lelyveld, Limonard, Bossink, Godeke, Shrestha, Reimerink, Eggink, Reusken, Heron and Thijsen.

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_145_2022_04_Heterologous_immune_responses_of_serum_fimmu_2022Final published version, 2.27 MBLicence: CC BY

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Smit, W. L., van Tol, S., Wal, S. V. D., van Vulpen, F., la Grouw, S., van Lelyveld, L., Limonard, G., Bossink, A., Godeke, G. J., Shrestha, S., Reimerink, J., Eggink, D., Reusken, C., Heron, M., & Thijsen, S. (2022). Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, Article 839367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.839367

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title = "Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19",

abstract = "Defining immune correlates of disease severity is important to better understand the immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Here we made use of a protein microarray platform to detect IgG- and IgA-reactive antibodies in sera and saliva respectively, and assess cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses (eCoVs). IgG responses against the full protein of spike, but not the S1 subunit, were significantly higher in convalescent sera of patients with severe disease compared to mild disease and healthy controls. In addition, we detected reactivity of secretory IgA to eCoVs in saliva of patients with severe disease, not present in patients with moderate disease or seropositive healthy controls. These heterologous immune responses are in line with non-protective cross-reactivity, and support a potential role for immune imprinting in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.",

author = "Smit, {Wouter L.} and {van Tol}, Sophie and Wal, {Sanne van der} and {van Vulpen}, Femke and {la Grouw}, Shannon and {van Lelyveld}, Lenneke and Gijs Limonard and Ailko Bossink and Godeke, {Gert Jan} and Sandhya Shrestha and Johan Reimerink and Dirk Eggink and Chantal Reusken and Michiel Heron and Steven Thijsen",

note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 Smit, van Tol, Wal, van Vulpen, la Grouw, van Lelyveld, Limonard, Bossink, Godeke, Shrestha, Reimerink, Eggink, Reusken, Heron and Thijsen.",

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Smit, WL, van Tol, S, Wal, SVD, van Vulpen, F, la Grouw, S, van Lelyveld, L, Limonard, G, Bossink, A, Godeke, GJ, Shrestha, S, Reimerink, J, Eggink, D, Reusken, C, Heron, M & Thijsen, S 2022, 'Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 13, 839367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.839367

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AU - la Grouw, Shannon

AU - van Lelyveld, Lenneke

AU - Limonard, Gijs

AU - Bossink, Ailko

AU - Godeke, Gert Jan

AU - Shrestha, Sandhya

AU - Reimerink, Johan

AU - Eggink, Dirk

AU - Reusken, Chantal

AU - Heron, Michiel

AU - Thijsen, Steven

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AB - Defining immune correlates of disease severity is important to better understand the immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Here we made use of a protein microarray platform to detect IgG- and IgA-reactive antibodies in sera and saliva respectively, and assess cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses (eCoVs). IgG responses against the full protein of spike, but not the S1 subunit, were significantly higher in convalescent sera of patients with severe disease compared to mild disease and healthy controls. In addition, we detected reactivity of secretory IgA to eCoVs in saliva of patients with severe disease, not present in patients with moderate disease or seropositive healthy controls. These heterologous immune responses are in line with non-protective cross-reactivity, and support a potential role for immune imprinting in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.

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Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19

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