TY - JOUR
T1 - High Prevalence of Long COVID in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
T2 - An Italian Multicentric Study
AU - Villa, Annalisa
AU - Milito, Cinzia
AU - Deiana, Carla Maria
AU - Gambier, Renato Finco
AU - Punziano, Alessandra
AU - Buso, Helena
AU - Bez, Patrick
AU - Lagnese, Gianluca
AU - Garzi, Giulia
AU - Costanzo, Giulia
AU - Giannuzzi, Gloria
AU - Pagnozzi, Chiara
AU - Dalm, Virgil A.S.H.
AU - Spadaro, Giuseppe
AU - Rattazzi, Marcello
AU - Cinetto, Francesco
AU - Firinu, Davide
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/2/6
Y1 - 2024/2/6
N2 - The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection represent a relevant global health problem. Long COVID (LC) is defined as a complex of signs and symptoms developed during or after SARS-CoV-2 infection and lasting > 12 weeks. In common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients, we previously reported higher risk of hospitalization and death during SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as prolonged swab positivity and frequent reinfections. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of LC in an Italian cohort of CVID patients. We used a translated version of the survey proposed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to collect data on LC. In the enrolled cohort of 175 CVID patients, we found a high prevalence of LC (65.7%). The most frequent LC symptoms were fatigue (75.7%), arthralgia/myalgia (48.7%), and dyspnea (41.7%). The majority of patients (60%) experienced prolonged symptoms, for at least 6 months after infection. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of complicated phenotype (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.88-5.03; p = 0.015), obesity (OR 11.17, 95% CI 1.37-90.95; p = 0.024), and female sex (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.09-3.89; p = 0.024) significantly correlated with the development of LC. In conclusion, in this multicenter observational cohort study, we demonstrated that CVID patients present an increased prevalence of LC when compared to the general population. Improved awareness on the risk of LC in CVID patients could optimize management of this new and alarming complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
AB - The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection represent a relevant global health problem. Long COVID (LC) is defined as a complex of signs and symptoms developed during or after SARS-CoV-2 infection and lasting > 12 weeks. In common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients, we previously reported higher risk of hospitalization and death during SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as prolonged swab positivity and frequent reinfections. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of LC in an Italian cohort of CVID patients. We used a translated version of the survey proposed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to collect data on LC. In the enrolled cohort of 175 CVID patients, we found a high prevalence of LC (65.7%). The most frequent LC symptoms were fatigue (75.7%), arthralgia/myalgia (48.7%), and dyspnea (41.7%). The majority of patients (60%) experienced prolonged symptoms, for at least 6 months after infection. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of complicated phenotype (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.88-5.03; p = 0.015), obesity (OR 11.17, 95% CI 1.37-90.95; p = 0.024), and female sex (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.09-3.89; p = 0.024) significantly correlated with the development of LC. In conclusion, in this multicenter observational cohort study, we demonstrated that CVID patients present an increased prevalence of LC when compared to the general population. Improved awareness on the risk of LC in CVID patients could optimize management of this new and alarming complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85184448713&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10875-024-01656-2
DO - 10.1007/s10875-024-01656-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 38319477
AN - SCOPUS:85184448713
SN - 0271-9142
VL - 44
SP - 59
JO - Journal of Clinical Immunology
JF - Journal of Clinical Immunology
IS - 2
M1 - 59
ER -
