TY - JOUR
T1 - Hip Range of Motion Is Lower in Professional Soccer Players With Hip and Groin Symptoms or Previous Injuries, Independent of Cam Deformities
AU - Tak, I
AU - Glasgow, P
AU - Langhout, R
AU - Weir, Adam
AU - Kerkhoffs, G
AU - Agricola, Rintje
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Background: Soccer (football) players often have hip and groin symptoms (HGS), and a previous groin injury is a risk factor for a relapse. Decreased hip range of motion (HROM) has been related to both hip and groin pain and the presence of a cam deformity. How these factors interact is unknown. Purpose: The first aim was to study whether HGS are associated with HROM. The second aim was to study the association of the presence of a cam deformity with HROM. Additionally, the influence of a cam deformity on the relationship between HGS and HROM was examined. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Seasonal screening data of 2 professional soccer clubs were used. Variables for HGS were current hip or groin pain, the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), and previous hip- and groin-related time-loss injuries (HGTIs). HROM was determined for hip internal rotation (IR), external rotation, and total rotation (TR) in the supine position and for the bent knee fall out (BKFO) test. A cam deformity was defined by an alpha angle >60 degrees on standardized anteroposterior pelvic and frog-leg lateral radiographs. Results: Sixty players (mean [SD] age, 23.1 +/- 4.2 years) were included. All were noninjured at the time of screening. Current hip or groin pain was not associated with HROM. Hips of players in the lowest HAGOS interquartile range (thus most affected by complaints; n = 12) showed less IR (23.9 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees vs 28.9 degrees +/- 7.8 degrees, respectively; P = .036) and TR (58.2 degrees +/- 13.5 degrees vs 65.6 degrees +/- 11.8 degrees, respectively; P = .047) than those in the highest interquartile range (n = 29). No such differences were found for BKFO (P = .417). Hips of players with a previous HGTI showed less IR (21.1 degrees +/- 6.8 degrees vs 28.3 degrees +/- 8.9 degrees, respectively; P < .001) and TR (56.0 degrees +/- 8.2 degrees vs 64.5 degrees +/- 13.6 degrees, respectively; P < .001) than those without a previous HGTI. This was independent of the presence of a cam deformity. BKFO did not differ between groups (P = .983). Hips with a cam deformity showed less but nonsignificant IR (25.5 degrees +/- 10.3 degrees vs 29.0 degrees +/- 7.1 degrees, respectively; P = .066) and TR (P = .062) and higher but nonsignificant BKFO values (17.1 cm +/- 3.4 cm vs 14.2 cm +/- 4.6 cm, respectively; P = .078) than those without a cam deformity. Conclusion: Decreased HROM in professional soccer players is associated with more hip- and groin-related symptoms and with previous injuries, independent of the presence of a cam deformity.
AB - Background: Soccer (football) players often have hip and groin symptoms (HGS), and a previous groin injury is a risk factor for a relapse. Decreased hip range of motion (HROM) has been related to both hip and groin pain and the presence of a cam deformity. How these factors interact is unknown. Purpose: The first aim was to study whether HGS are associated with HROM. The second aim was to study the association of the presence of a cam deformity with HROM. Additionally, the influence of a cam deformity on the relationship between HGS and HROM was examined. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Seasonal screening data of 2 professional soccer clubs were used. Variables for HGS were current hip or groin pain, the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), and previous hip- and groin-related time-loss injuries (HGTIs). HROM was determined for hip internal rotation (IR), external rotation, and total rotation (TR) in the supine position and for the bent knee fall out (BKFO) test. A cam deformity was defined by an alpha angle >60 degrees on standardized anteroposterior pelvic and frog-leg lateral radiographs. Results: Sixty players (mean [SD] age, 23.1 +/- 4.2 years) were included. All were noninjured at the time of screening. Current hip or groin pain was not associated with HROM. Hips of players in the lowest HAGOS interquartile range (thus most affected by complaints; n = 12) showed less IR (23.9 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees vs 28.9 degrees +/- 7.8 degrees, respectively; P = .036) and TR (58.2 degrees +/- 13.5 degrees vs 65.6 degrees +/- 11.8 degrees, respectively; P = .047) than those in the highest interquartile range (n = 29). No such differences were found for BKFO (P = .417). Hips of players with a previous HGTI showed less IR (21.1 degrees +/- 6.8 degrees vs 28.3 degrees +/- 8.9 degrees, respectively; P < .001) and TR (56.0 degrees +/- 8.2 degrees vs 64.5 degrees +/- 13.6 degrees, respectively; P < .001) than those without a previous HGTI. This was independent of the presence of a cam deformity. BKFO did not differ between groups (P = .983). Hips with a cam deformity showed less but nonsignificant IR (25.5 degrees +/- 10.3 degrees vs 29.0 degrees +/- 7.1 degrees, respectively; P = .066) and TR (P = .062) and higher but nonsignificant BKFO values (17.1 cm +/- 3.4 cm vs 14.2 cm +/- 4.6 cm, respectively; P = .078) than those without a cam deformity. Conclusion: Decreased HROM in professional soccer players is associated with more hip- and groin-related symptoms and with previous injuries, independent of the presence of a cam deformity.
U2 - 10.1177/0363546515617747
DO - 10.1177/0363546515617747
M3 - Article
C2 - 26673034
SN - 0363-5465
VL - 44
SP - 682
EP - 688
JO - American Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - American Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 3
ER -