How to influence rising caesarean section rates in Europe? An invited scientific review by European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG)

Over the past two decades, caesarean section rates have been steadily increasing with rates are now approaching 55% in some European countries. While caesarean section remains one of the most critical obstetric interventions, often lifesaving for both mother and newborn, it also carries significant risks for maternal and neonatal health. The growing reliance on caesarean birth is further linked to a marked decline in instrumental births, thereby limiting opportunities for future obstetric trainees to acquire essential clinical skills. This invited review offers evidence-based recommendations aimed at safely reducing the incidence of caesarean sections, without compromising the quality of care provided during childbirth.