Inhaled GM-CSF administered during ongoing pneumovirus infection alters myeloid and CD8 T cell immunity without affecting disease outcome

Nincy Debeuf, Julie Deckers, Sahine Lameire, Cedric Bosteels, Hamida Hammad, Bart N. Lambrecht*

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine, able to promote both myelopoiesis and activation of immune cells. Particularly in the lung, GM-CSF plays an important homeostatic role in the development and maintenance of alveolar macrophages, and is therefore considered to play a role in respiratory virus infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2, although the benefits of GM-CSF treatment in clinical studies remain inconclusive. To address this, we tested inhaled GM-CSF treatment in the Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM) mouse model. Our findings show that local GM-CSF therapy during PVM disease increased local neutrophilia and monocyte-derived cell influx, but diminished CD8+ T cells responses. Despite this, the observed effects on T cells and myeloid cells did not result in an altered clinical outcome during PVM infection. We conclude that inhaled GM-CSF therapy cannot be considered as a universal protective therapy in respiratory virus infections.
Original languageEnglish
Article number1439789
Number of pages9
JournalFrontiers in Immunology
Volume15
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 8 Oct 2024

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Copyright © 2024 Debeuf, Deckers, Lameire, Bosteels, Hammad and Lambrecht.

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