Integrating Vaginal Microbiome Test Results into Shared Decision Making during In Vitro Fertilization Care

Background: The vaginal microbiota test predicts the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF), but with no therapy available to improve a low profile, couples must decide whether to proceed or postpone treatment. We aim to examine how couples interpret vaginal microbiome results and make postponement decisions within a shared decision making (SDM) framework. Methods: Women undergoing IVF or IVF–intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) treatment at 2 Dutch hospitals received the ReceptIVFity test™, which classified the vaginal microbiome as high (52.6% chance of conception), medium (23.6%), or low (5.9%) profile based on predicted implantation success after a fresh embryo transfer. Physicians discussed the results with couples using SDM, after which the couples decided whether to proceed or postpone treatment. The primary outcome was the patients’ perceived involvement in shared decision making, assessed with the SDM-Q-9 questionnaire. The secondary outcome was the proportion of couples postponing treatment after a low microbiome profile. Results: Between October 2018 and November 2020, 728 women were enrolled. SDM-Q-9 responses showed high perceived involvement overall but lower scores for “exploring options,” reflecting limited alternatives when the choice is to proceed or postpone treatment. A low profile was found in 35.4% (258/728). After the SDM consultation, 49.6% (128/258) chose to postpone treatment, with postponement rates increasing to over 80% among couples in later IVF cycles. Decisions were influenced by personal, emotional, and practical considerations, including the Dutch insurance reimbursement system (3 insured IVF or IVF-ICSI cycles regardless of postponement) and the absence of effective treatment to modify a low profile. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that couples can understand and use prognostic information when supported by SDM and that the ReceptIVFity test™ facilitated discussion about chances of success, timing of treatment, decisions to proceed or postpone, and personal values.