Long-term outcome of kidney transplantation in patients with a urinary conduit: a case-control study

To study the short- and long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with a bladder augmentation or urinary diversion compared to patients with a kidney transplantation in a normal functional bladder. Between January 2000 and March 2011, 13 patients received 16 grafts into a reconstructed urinary tract. We performed a retrospective case-control study and matched each patient to 4 controls for donor and recipient gender and year of transplantation. Short- and long-term complications of kidney transplantation occurred in 12 patients, varying from urinary tract infections to medical hospitalization with or without surgical or radiological intervention. In 5 patients, a percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) was placed followed by surgical re-intervention. In three patients, the grafts failed as a result of chronic rejection and were re-transplanted. There was no graft loss as a result of surgical complications or the reconstructed urinary tract. One Kidney transplantation in patients with a reconstructed urinary tract has an increased complication rate. Nevertheless, the long-term results are comparable to patients with a normal urinary bladder.