Longitudinal Trajectory of Fatigue in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Study

Background: Fatigue is a disabling symptom in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Its prevalence, mechanism, and impact remain poorly understood. We determined changes in fatigue status over time and identified predictors of incident or resolving fatigue. Methods: This was a prospective study nested within the IBD Partners cohort. Participants prospectively completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. A Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue score ≤43 defined significant fatigue. Multivariable regression models using baseline covariates were used to identify risk factors for incident fatigue at 6 months and to predict the resolution of fatigue. Results: A total of 2429 patients (1605 with Crohn disease, 824 with ulcerative colitis) completed a baseline assessment, and 1057 completed a second assessment at 6 months. Persistent fatigue (at baseline and at 6 months) was the most common pattern, affecting two-thirds (65.8%) of patients. One-sixth (15.7%) of patients had fatigue at 1 timepoint, whereas fewer than one-fifth (18.5%) of patients never reported fatigue. Among patients not fatigued at baseline, 26% developed fatigue at 6 months. The strongest predictor of incident fatigue was sleep disturbance at baseline (odds ratio, 2.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-5.72). In contrast, only 12.3% of those with fatigue at baseline had symptom resolution by month 6. Resolution was more likely in patients with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, quiescent disease, and an absence of significant psychological comorbidity. Conclusions: Fatigue is common in patients with IBD. However, only a few fatigued patients experience symptom resolution at 6 or 12 months, suggesting the need for novel interventions to ameliorate its impact.