Multi-modality imaging for prevention of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in the general population: Ready for prime time?

Daan Ties; Paulien van Dorp; Gabija Pundziute; Erik Lipsic; Carlijn M. van der Aalst; Matthijs Oudkerk; Harry J. de Koning; Rozemarijn Vliegenthart; Pim van der Harst

doi:10.3390/jcm11112965

Multi-modality imaging for prevention of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in the general population: Ready for prime time?

Daan Ties, Paulien van Dorp, Gabija Pundziute, Erik Lipsic, Carlijn M. van der Aalst, Matthijs Oudkerk, Harry J. de Koning, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Pim van der Harst^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage, heart failure, life-threatening arrythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD), and is a main driver of CVD mortality and morbidity. To control the forecasted increase in CVD burden for both the individual and society, improved strategies for the prevention of AMI and SCD are required. Current prevention of AMI and SCD is directed towards risk-modifying interventions, guided by risk assessment using clinical risk prediction scores (CRPSs) and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Early detection of more advanced coronary artery disease (CAD), beyond risk assessment by CRPSs or CACS, is a promising strategy to allow personalized treatment for the improved prevention of AMI and SCD in the general population. We review evidence for further testing, beyond CRPSs and CACS, and therapies focusing on promising targets, including subclinical obstructive CAD, high-risk plaques, and silent myocardial ischemia. We also evaluate the potential of multi-modality imaging to enhance the conduction of adequately powered trials to provide high-quality evidence on the impact of add-on tests and therapies in the prevention of AMI and SCD in asymptomatic individuals. To conclude, we discuss the occurrence of AMI and SCD in individuals currently estimated to be at “low-risk” by the current strategy based on CRPSs, and methods to improve prevention of AMI and SCD in this “low-risk” population.

Original language	English
Article number	2965
Journal	Journal of Clinical Medicine
Volume	11
Issue number	11
Early online date	24 May 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11112965
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Conflicts of Interest: R.V. reports funding by Siemens Healthineers (institutional research grant) and the Dutch Heart Foundation (CONCRETE—research grant: grant number CVON2017-14). HJdK, C.M.v.d.A. and M.O. report funding by the EU (ROBINSCA—Advanced research grant: grant number 294604). P.v.d.H. reports funding by Siemens Healthineers (institutional research grant) and the Dutch Heart Foundation (EARLY-SYNERGY—research grant CVON2015-17). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection or analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this paper. The other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Ties, D., van Dorp, P., Pundziute, G., Lipsic, E., van der Aalst, C. M., Oudkerk, M., de Koning, H. J., Vliegenthart, R., & van der Harst, P. (2022). Multi-modality imaging for prevention of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in the general population: Ready for prime time? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(11), [2965]. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11112965

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title = "Multi-modality imaging for prevention of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in the general population: Ready for prime time?",

abstract = "Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage, heart failure, life-threatening arrythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD), and is a main driver of CVD mortality and morbidity. To control the forecasted increase in CVD burden for both the individual and society, improved strategies for the prevention of AMI and SCD are required. Current prevention of AMI and SCD is directed towards risk-modifying interventions, guided by risk assessment using clinical risk prediction scores (CRPSs) and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Early detection of more advanced coronary artery disease (CAD), beyond risk assessment by CRPSs or CACS, is a promising strategy to allow personalized treatment for the improved prevention of AMI and SCD in the general population. We review evidence for further testing, beyond CRPSs and CACS, and therapies focusing on promising targets, including subclinical obstructive CAD, high-risk plaques, and silent myocardial ischemia. We also evaluate the potential of multi-modality imaging to enhance the conduction of adequately powered trials to provide high-quality evidence on the impact of add-on tests and therapies in the prevention of AMI and SCD in asymptomatic individuals. To conclude, we discuss the occurrence of AMI and SCD in individuals currently estimated to be at “low-risk” by the current strategy based on CRPSs, and methods to improve prevention of AMI and SCD in this “low-risk” population.",

author = "Daan Ties and {van Dorp}, Paulien and Gabija Pundziute and Erik Lipsic and {van der Aalst}, {Carlijn M.} and Matthijs Oudkerk and {de Koning}, {Harry J.} and Rozemarijn Vliegenthart and {van der Harst}, Pim",

note = "Funding Information: Conflicts of Interest: R.V. reports funding by Siemens Healthineers (institutional research grant) and the Dutch Heart Foundation (CONCRETE—research grant: grant number CVON2017-14). HJdK, C.M.v.d.A. and M.O. report funding by the EU (ROBINSCA—Advanced research grant: grant number 294604). P.v.d.H. reports funding by Siemens Healthineers (institutional research grant) and the Dutch Heart Foundation (EARLY-SYNERGY—research grant CVON2015-17). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection or analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this paper. The other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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doi = "10.3390/jcm11112965",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

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T1 - Multi-modality imaging for prevention of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in the general population

T2 - Ready for prime time?

AU - Ties, Daan

AU - van Dorp, Paulien

AU - Pundziute, Gabija

AU - Lipsic, Erik

AU - van der Aalst, Carlijn M.

AU - Oudkerk, Matthijs

AU - de Koning, Harry J.

AU - Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn

AU - van der Harst, Pim

N1 - Funding Information: Conflicts of Interest: R.V. reports funding by Siemens Healthineers (institutional research grant) and the Dutch Heart Foundation (CONCRETE—research grant: grant number CVON2017-14). HJdK, C.M.v.d.A. and M.O. report funding by the EU (ROBINSCA—Advanced research grant: grant number 294604). P.v.d.H. reports funding by Siemens Healthineers (institutional research grant) and the Dutch Heart Foundation (EARLY-SYNERGY—research grant CVON2015-17). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection or analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this paper. The other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2022/6/1

Y1 - 2022/6/1

N2 - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage, heart failure, life-threatening arrythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD), and is a main driver of CVD mortality and morbidity. To control the forecasted increase in CVD burden for both the individual and society, improved strategies for the prevention of AMI and SCD are required. Current prevention of AMI and SCD is directed towards risk-modifying interventions, guided by risk assessment using clinical risk prediction scores (CRPSs) and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Early detection of more advanced coronary artery disease (CAD), beyond risk assessment by CRPSs or CACS, is a promising strategy to allow personalized treatment for the improved prevention of AMI and SCD in the general population. We review evidence for further testing, beyond CRPSs and CACS, and therapies focusing on promising targets, including subclinical obstructive CAD, high-risk plaques, and silent myocardial ischemia. We also evaluate the potential of multi-modality imaging to enhance the conduction of adequately powered trials to provide high-quality evidence on the impact of add-on tests and therapies in the prevention of AMI and SCD in asymptomatic individuals. To conclude, we discuss the occurrence of AMI and SCD in individuals currently estimated to be at “low-risk” by the current strategy based on CRPSs, and methods to improve prevention of AMI and SCD in this “low-risk” population.

AB - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage, heart failure, life-threatening arrythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD), and is a main driver of CVD mortality and morbidity. To control the forecasted increase in CVD burden for both the individual and society, improved strategies for the prevention of AMI and SCD are required. Current prevention of AMI and SCD is directed towards risk-modifying interventions, guided by risk assessment using clinical risk prediction scores (CRPSs) and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Early detection of more advanced coronary artery disease (CAD), beyond risk assessment by CRPSs or CACS, is a promising strategy to allow personalized treatment for the improved prevention of AMI and SCD in the general population. We review evidence for further testing, beyond CRPSs and CACS, and therapies focusing on promising targets, including subclinical obstructive CAD, high-risk plaques, and silent myocardial ischemia. We also evaluate the potential of multi-modality imaging to enhance the conduction of adequately powered trials to provide high-quality evidence on the impact of add-on tests and therapies in the prevention of AMI and SCD in asymptomatic individuals. To conclude, we discuss the occurrence of AMI and SCD in individuals currently estimated to be at “low-risk” by the current strategy based on CRPSs, and methods to improve prevention of AMI and SCD in this “low-risk” population.

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U2 - 10.3390/jcm11112965

DO - 10.3390/jcm11112965

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85137374049

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JO - Journal of Clinical Medicine

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ER -

Multi-modality imaging for prevention of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in the general population: Ready for prime time?

Abstract

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