Objective measurement of hepatic encephalopathy in pigs by means of spectral analysis and evoked responses

Objective measurement of hepatic encephallopathy by means of spectral analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG), visual-evoked potentials (VEP) and brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP) was studied in pigs with ischemic hepatic necrosis. The mean dominant frequency (MDF) and the relative power off the delta frequency band (%δ power) showed significant changes with increasing encephalographic grades of encephalopathy: MDF dropped from 7.0 ± 0.5 (grade 0) to 2.7 ± 0.3 Hz (grade 3 encephalopathy) and %δ power increased from 52 ± 7 (grade 0) to 83 ± 6% (grade 3). The patterns of the VEP in piogs corresponded to those of the human VEP. However, significant differences in either latency time of the peaks or the peak amplitude with increasing stages of hepatic encephalophaty could not be found. The BAEF registered for pigs were reproducible but also were not as useful as spectral analysis for grading hepatic encephalopathy.