Optimizing Benefits-Harms of H. pylori Screen-and-Treat Programs Tailored to the Regional Settings

This article outlines how decision modeling can be used to optimize the cost-effectiveness of H. pylori screen-and-treat programs. Decision models enable the translation of data from pilot studies into locally tailored strategies by adapting test modalities, treatment options, and the need to retest specific to the local setting. We summarize existing evidence from modeling studies, which consistently demonstrate that H. pylori screen-and-treat is cost-effective across diverse populations. In addition, we discuss how decision modeling can support resource allocation, promote health equity, and guide implementation planning. Integrating H. pylori screen-and-treat into established preventive programs, such as colorectal cancer screening, may further increase efficiency and feasibility. The article concludes with a proposed research agenda to advance efficient H. pylori screen-and-treat programs across the globe.