Outcomes in early mobilisation research in critically ill children: A scoping review

Objective
Early mobilisation in critically ill children is safe and feasible. However, the effectiveness of early mobilisation on short- and long-term outcomes is understudied. The aim of this scoping review was to generate an overview of outcomes used in previous research regarding early mobilisation in critically ill children.
Data sources
A systematic search was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, and CINAHL, without restricting on design, on April 3rd, 2023.
Study selection
Two independent reviewers assessed titles, abstracts, and full texts. Studies were included if they described any outcomes related to early mobilisation in critically ill children.
Data charting process
One reviewer performed data extraction, which was subsequently verified by another reviewer. Seven domains were used to categorise the outcomes: mortality, physiological, life impact, resource use, adverse events, process indicators, and perception of early mobilisation.
Data synthesis
Out of 3380 screened titles, 25 studies were included. Data extraction yielded 148 unique outcomes, which were clustered into 40 outcomes. Outcomes spanned in all seven domains, with “length of paediatric intensive care unit stay” (resource use) and “adverse events involving unintentional removal of catheters, tubes, and/or lines” (adverse events) being the most frequently reported. Process indicators such as mobilisation activities were well documented. Mortality and functionality outcomes were chosen the least.
Conclusions
This scoping review provides a categorised overview of outcomes that have been used to assess the effectiveness of early mobilisation in critically ill children. The findings show a great heterogeneity in used outcomes and are input for paediatric intensive care unit experts and parents to prioritise outcomes developing a Core Outcome Set.