Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

Klaas R. Westerterp; Yosuke Yamada; Hiroyuki Sagayama; Int Atomic Energy Agcy Doubly Labe; Philip N. Ainslie; Lene F. Andersen; Liam J. Anderson; Lenore Arab; Issaad Baddou; Kweku Bedu-Addo; Ellen E. Blaak; Stephane Blanc; Alberto G. Bonomi; Carlijn V. C. Bouten; Pascal Bovet; Maciej S. Buchowski; Nancy F. Butte; Stefan G. J. A. Camps; Graeme L. Close; Jamie A. Cooper; Sai K. Das; Richard Cooper; Lara R. Dugas; Ulf Ekelund; Sonja Entringer; Terrence Forrester; Barry W. Fudge; Annelies H. Goris; Michael Gurven; Catherine Hambly; Asmaa El Hamdouchi; Marije B. Hoos; Sumei Hu; Noorjehan Joonas; Annemiek M. Joosen; Peter Katzmarzyk; Kitty P. Kempen; Misaka Kimura; William E. Kraus; Robert F. Kushner; Estelle Lambert; William R. Leonard; Nader Lessan; Corby K. Martin; Anine C. Medin; Erwin P. Meijer; James C. Morehen; James P. Morton; Marian L. Neuhouser; Theresa A. Nicklas; Albertine J. Schuit

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

Klaas R. Westerterp^*, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Int Atomic Energy Agcy Doubly Labe, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issaad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G. J. A. Camps, Graeme L. Close, Jamie A. CooperSai K. Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B. Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M. Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P. Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E. Kraus, Robert F. Kushner, Estelle Lambert, William R. Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K. Martin, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, James C. Morehen, James P. Morton, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Albertine J. Schuit

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

27 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.Objectives: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants. age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.Results: PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males >= 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y. height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% Cl: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher. and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2. 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher. in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively.Conclusions: If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1583-1589
Number of pages	7
Journal	American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume	114
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab260
Publication status	Published - Nov 2021
Externally published	Yes

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Westerterp, K. R., Yamada, Y., Sagayama, H., Labe, I. A. E. A. D., Ainslie, P. N., Andersen, L. F., Anderson, L. J., Arab, L., Baddou, I., Bedu-Addo, K., Blaak, E. E., Blanc, S., Bonomi, A. G., Bouten, C. V. C., Bovet, P., Buchowski, M. S., Butte, N. F., Camps, S. G. J. A., Close, G. L., ... Schuit, A. J. (2021). Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 114(5), 1583-1589. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

@article{e68909137abf4f7a9f4f6e8cf411f2bd,

title = "Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life",

abstract = "Background: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.Objectives: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants. age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.Results: PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males >= 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y. height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% Cl: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher. and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2. 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher. in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively.Conclusions: If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.",

author = "Westerterp, {Klaas R.} and Yosuke Yamada and Hiroyuki Sagayama and Labe, {Int Atomic Energy Agcy Doubly} and Ainslie, {Philip N.} and Andersen, {Lene F.} and Anderson, {Liam J.} and Lenore Arab and Issaad Baddou and Kweku Bedu-Addo and Blaak, {Ellen E.} and Stephane Blanc and Bonomi, {Alberto G.} and Bouten, {Carlijn V. C.} and Pascal Bovet and Buchowski, {Maciej S.} and Butte, {Nancy F.} and Camps, {Stefan G. J. A.} and Close, {Graeme L.} and Cooper, {Jamie A.} and Das, {Sai K.} and Richard Cooper and Dugas, {Lara R.} and Ulf Ekelund and Sonja Entringer and Terrence Forrester and Fudge, {Barry W.} and Goris, {Annelies H.} and Michael Gurven and Catherine Hambly and {El Hamdouchi}, Asmaa and Hoos, {Marije B.} and Sumei Hu and Noorjehan Joonas and Joosen, {Annemiek M.} and Peter Katzmarzyk and Kempen, {Kitty P.} and Misaka Kimura and Kraus, {William E.} and Kushner, {Robert F.} and Estelle Lambert and Leonard, {William R.} and Nader Lessan and Martin, {Corby K.} and Medin, {Anine C.} and Meijer, {Erwin P.} and Morehen, {James C.} and Morton, {James P.} and Neuhouser, {Marian L.} and Nicklas, {Theresa A.} and Schuit, {Albertine J.}",

year = "2021",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1093/ajcn/nqab260",

language = "English",

volume = "114",

pages = "1583--1589",

journal = "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition",

issn = "0002-9165",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "5",

}

Westerterp, KR, Yamada, Y, Sagayama, H, Labe, IAEAD, Ainslie, PN, Andersen, LF, Anderson, LJ, Arab, L, Baddou, I, Bedu-Addo, K, Blaak, EE, Blanc, S, Bonomi, AG, Bouten, CVC, Bovet, P, Buchowski, MS, Butte, NF, Camps, SGJA, Close, GL, Cooper, JA, Das, SK, Cooper, R, Dugas, LR, Ekelund, U, Entringer, S, Forrester, T, Fudge, BW, Goris, AH, Gurven, M, Hambly, C, El Hamdouchi, A, Hoos, MB, Hu, S, Joonas, N, Joosen, AM, Katzmarzyk, P, Kempen, KP, Kimura, M, Kraus, WE, Kushner, RF, Lambert, E, Leonard, WR, Lessan, N, Martin, CK, Medin, AC, Meijer, EP, Morehen, JC, Morton, JP, Neuhouser, ML, Nicklas, TA & Schuit, AJ 2021, 'Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 114, no. 5, pp. 1583-1589. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

TY - JOUR

T1 - Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

AU - Westerterp, Klaas R.

AU - Yamada, Yosuke

AU - Sagayama, Hiroyuki

AU - Labe, Int Atomic Energy Agcy Doubly

AU - Ainslie, Philip N.

AU - Andersen, Lene F.

AU - Anderson, Liam J.

AU - Arab, Lenore

AU - Baddou, Issaad

AU - Bedu-Addo, Kweku

AU - Blaak, Ellen E.

AU - Blanc, Stephane

AU - Bonomi, Alberto G.

AU - Bouten, Carlijn V. C.

AU - Bovet, Pascal

AU - Buchowski, Maciej S.

AU - Butte, Nancy F.

AU - Camps, Stefan G. J. A.

AU - Close, Graeme L.

AU - Cooper, Jamie A.

AU - Das, Sai K.

AU - Cooper, Richard

AU - Dugas, Lara R.

AU - Ekelund, Ulf

AU - Entringer, Sonja

AU - Forrester, Terrence

AU - Fudge, Barry W.

AU - Goris, Annelies H.

AU - Gurven, Michael

AU - Hambly, Catherine

AU - El Hamdouchi, Asmaa

AU - Hoos, Marije B.

AU - Hu, Sumei

AU - Joonas, Noorjehan

AU - Joosen, Annemiek M.

AU - Katzmarzyk, Peter

AU - Kempen, Kitty P.

AU - Kimura, Misaka

AU - Kraus, William E.

AU - Kushner, Robert F.

AU - Lambert, Estelle

AU - Leonard, William R.

AU - Lessan, Nader

AU - Martin, Corby K.

AU - Medin, Anine C.

AU - Meijer, Erwin P.

AU - Morehen, James C.

AU - Morton, James P.

AU - Neuhouser, Marian L.

AU - Nicklas, Theresa A.

AU - Schuit, Albertine J.

PY - 2021/11

Y1 - 2021/11

N2 - Background: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.Objectives: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants. age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.Results: PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males >= 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y. height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% Cl: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher. and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2. 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher. in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively.Conclusions: If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.

AB - Background: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.Objectives: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants. age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.Results: PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males >= 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y. height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% Cl: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher. and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2. 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher. in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively.Conclusions: If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.

U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

M3 - Article

SN - 0002-9165

VL - 114

SP - 1583

EP - 1589

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

IS - 5

ER -

Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

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