Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy increase the risk of adverse health outcomes for mother and child. Interventions to address smoking and drinking before and during pregnancy have the potential to reduce early-life health inequalities. In the Smoke and Alcohol Free with EHealth and Rewards (SAFER) pilot study we aimed to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of a complex intervention supporting women in smoking and alcohol cessation before and during pregnancy.
METHODS: From February 2019 till March 2021, we piloted the SAFER pregnancy intervention among pregnant women and women planning pregnancy in South-West Netherlands in an uncontrolled before-after study. Participants were supported in smoking and alcohol cessation via up to six group sessions and an online platform. In addition, biochemically validated cessation was rewarded with incentives (i.e. shopping vouchers) amounting up to 185 euros. We aimed to include 66 women. The primary outcome was smoking and/or alcohol cessation at 34-38 weeks of gestation (if pregnant) or after six group sessions (if not pregnant). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Focus group interviews among those involved in the study were conducted at the end of the study to explore their experiences. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine women who smoked were included; no women who consumed alcohol were referred to the study. Unemployment (51%), financial problems (36%) and a smoking partner (72%) were common. Thirteen women (33%) dropped out, often due to other problems impeding smoking cessation or 'being too busy' to participate in the group sessions. Eleven women (28%) had quit smoking at the study's endpoint. The personal and positive approach was highly valued and biochemical validation was felt to be helpful.
CONCLUSION: The SAFER pregnancy intervention seems appropriate for women in need of extra support for smoking cessation before and during pregnancy. Its impact on alcohol cessation could not be studied due to recruitment issues. Recruitment and prevention of early dropout need attention in further development of this intervention.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register: NL7493. Date registered: 04/02/2019.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 19 |
| Pages (from-to) | 19 |
| Journal | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| Volume | 23 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 10 Jan 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This research is supported by Fonds NutsOhra (FNO; grant number 102339). FNO had no role in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
Funding Information:
We thank all participants for their participation. In addition, we thank all healthcare providers for referring potential participants to our study. We acknowledge the help of the Obstetric collaboration of Zoetermeer and the Foundation of Organised Primary Care Zoetermeer and Benthuizen for their communication towards healthcare providers. We thank Birgit Koch, Régine Steegers-Theunissen, Eline Meijer, and Winnie Gebhardt for their help concerning the design of the study, Verena Werdmüller von Elgg for her support regarding the Medical Research Ethics Committee approval, Frank Santegoets, Liesbeth Dusink, and Roel Faber for their support concerning the questionnaires. We are grateful for the detailed monitoring of the study by Annelies Bos. We thank Veronique Maas and Demi Kustermans for leading the focus group study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).