Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with children's BMI Z-score in the first three years: A birth cohort study

Shuang Zhou; Tiantian Li; Na Han; Kai Zhang; Yi Zhang; Qin Li; Yuelong Ji; Jue Liu; Hui Wang; Jianlin Hu; Ting Liu; Hein Raat; Haijun Wang

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116326

Prenatal exposure to PM_2.5 and its constituents with children's BMI Z-score in the first three years: A birth cohort study

Shuang Zhou, Tiantian Li, Na Han, Kai Zhang, Yi Zhang, Qin Li, Yuelong Ji, Jue Liu, Hui Wang, Jianlin Hu, Ting Liu, Hein Raat, Haijun Wang^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Public Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

Background: Limited studies evaluated the effect of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) on childhood growth and no consensus reached yet. No study explored the effect of prenatal exposure to PM_2.5 and its constituents on childhood growth in a region with high PM_2.5 levels (>50 μg/m³). The present study aimed to examine the association of prenatal exposure to PM_2.5 and its constituents with children's BMI Z-score in the first three years. Methods: The present study was based on a birth cohort in Beijing, China, involving 15,745 mothers with their children who were followed to three years old. We estimated prenatal PM_2.5 and its constituents [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and ammonium (NH₄⁺)] concentrations based on residential addresses at birth. Height (or length) and weight of children were repeatedly measured, and body mass index (BMI) Z-score was calculated at one, two, and three years old. Generalized linear regression and generalized estimating equation were used to examine the associations between prenatal exposure to PM_2.5 and its constituents with BMI Z-score in the first three years. Results: Prenatal exposure to PM_2.5 and its constituents was generally associated with higher BMI Z-score of children aged one, two, and three years. One IQR increase of PM_2.5, OC, EC, NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺, and SO₄²⁻ (21.30 μg/m³, 11.52 μg/m³, 2.40 μg/m³, 8.28 μg/m³, 2.42 μg/m³, and 8.80 μg/m³, respectively) was associated with 0.13 (95%CI: 0.10, 0.16), 0.24 (95%CI: 0.19, 0.29), 0.12 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.16), 0.13 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.17), 0.11 (95%CI: 0.08, 0.13), and 0.24 (95%CI: 0.19, 0.30) increase in BMI Z-score from one to three years old, respectively. Conclusion: The study suggested that prenatal exposure to PM_2.5 and its constituents was associated with higher BMI Z-score of children in the first three years. Public health policy for controlling harmful PM_2.5 constituents should be developed to promote child health.

Original language	English
Article number	116326
Journal	Environmental Research
Volume	232
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116326
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2023

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgements
The present study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81973053). Shuang Zhou was supported by the China Scholarship Council at the Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (202106010220) as well as the Innovation Fund for Outstanding PhD Candidates of Peking University Health Science Centre.

Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

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Cite this

@article{cedea045ec494909aaabf40a88302525,

title = "Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with children's BMI Z-score in the first three years: A birth cohort study",

abstract = "Background: Limited studies evaluated the effect of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on childhood growth and no consensus reached yet. No study explored the effect of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents on childhood growth in a region with high PM2.5 levels (>50 μg/m3). The present study aimed to examine the association of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with children's BMI Z-score in the first three years. Methods: The present study was based on a birth cohort in Beijing, China, involving 15,745 mothers with their children who were followed to three years old. We estimated prenatal PM2.5 and its constituents [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), and ammonium (NH4+)] concentrations based on residential addresses at birth. Height (or length) and weight of children were repeatedly measured, and body mass index (BMI) Z-score was calculated at one, two, and three years old. Generalized linear regression and generalized estimating equation were used to examine the associations between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with BMI Z-score in the first three years. Results: Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was generally associated with higher BMI Z-score of children aged one, two, and three years. One IQR increase of PM2.5, OC, EC, NO3−, NH4+, and SO42− (21.30 μg/m3, 11.52 μg/m3, 2.40 μg/m3, 8.28 μg/m3, 2.42 μg/m3, and 8.80 μg/m3, respectively) was associated with 0.13 (95%CI: 0.10, 0.16), 0.24 (95%CI: 0.19, 0.29), 0.12 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.16), 0.13 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.17), 0.11 (95%CI: 0.08, 0.13), and 0.24 (95%CI: 0.19, 0.30) increase in BMI Z-score from one to three years old, respectively. Conclusion: The study suggested that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was associated with higher BMI Z-score of children in the first three years. Public health policy for controlling harmful PM2.5 constituents should be developed to promote child health.",

author = "Shuang Zhou and Tiantian Li and Na Han and Kai Zhang and Yi Zhang and Qin Li and Yuelong Ji and Jue Liu and Hui Wang and Jianlin Hu and Ting Liu and Hein Raat and Haijun Wang",

note = "Acknowledgements The present study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81973053). Shuang Zhou was supported by the China Scholarship Council at the Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (202106010220) as well as the Innovation Fund for Outstanding PhD Candidates of Peking University Health Science Centre. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Elsevier Inc.",

year = "2023",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.envres.2023.116326",

language = "English",

volume = "232",

journal = "Environmental Research",

issn = "0013-9351",

publisher = "Academic Press",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with children's BMI Z-score in the first three years

T2 - A birth cohort study

AU - Zhou, Shuang

AU - Li, Tiantian

AU - Han, Na

AU - Zhang, Kai

AU - Zhang, Yi

AU - Li, Qin

AU - Ji, Yuelong

AU - Liu, Jue

AU - Wang, Hui

AU - Hu, Jianlin

AU - Liu, Ting

AU - Raat, Hein

AU - Wang, Haijun

N1 - Acknowledgements The present study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81973053). Shuang Zhou was supported by the China Scholarship Council at the Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (202106010220) as well as the Innovation Fund for Outstanding PhD Candidates of Peking University Health Science Centre. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

PY - 2023/9/1

Y1 - 2023/9/1

N2 - Background: Limited studies evaluated the effect of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on childhood growth and no consensus reached yet. No study explored the effect of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents on childhood growth in a region with high PM2.5 levels (>50 μg/m3). The present study aimed to examine the association of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with children's BMI Z-score in the first three years. Methods: The present study was based on a birth cohort in Beijing, China, involving 15,745 mothers with their children who were followed to three years old. We estimated prenatal PM2.5 and its constituents [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), and ammonium (NH4+)] concentrations based on residential addresses at birth. Height (or length) and weight of children were repeatedly measured, and body mass index (BMI) Z-score was calculated at one, two, and three years old. Generalized linear regression and generalized estimating equation were used to examine the associations between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with BMI Z-score in the first three years. Results: Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was generally associated with higher BMI Z-score of children aged one, two, and three years. One IQR increase of PM2.5, OC, EC, NO3−, NH4+, and SO42− (21.30 μg/m3, 11.52 μg/m3, 2.40 μg/m3, 8.28 μg/m3, 2.42 μg/m3, and 8.80 μg/m3, respectively) was associated with 0.13 (95%CI: 0.10, 0.16), 0.24 (95%CI: 0.19, 0.29), 0.12 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.16), 0.13 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.17), 0.11 (95%CI: 0.08, 0.13), and 0.24 (95%CI: 0.19, 0.30) increase in BMI Z-score from one to three years old, respectively. Conclusion: The study suggested that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was associated with higher BMI Z-score of children in the first three years. Public health policy for controlling harmful PM2.5 constituents should be developed to promote child health.

AB - Background: Limited studies evaluated the effect of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on childhood growth and no consensus reached yet. No study explored the effect of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents on childhood growth in a region with high PM2.5 levels (>50 μg/m3). The present study aimed to examine the association of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with children's BMI Z-score in the first three years. Methods: The present study was based on a birth cohort in Beijing, China, involving 15,745 mothers with their children who were followed to three years old. We estimated prenatal PM2.5 and its constituents [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), and ammonium (NH4+)] concentrations based on residential addresses at birth. Height (or length) and weight of children were repeatedly measured, and body mass index (BMI) Z-score was calculated at one, two, and three years old. Generalized linear regression and generalized estimating equation were used to examine the associations between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with BMI Z-score in the first three years. Results: Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was generally associated with higher BMI Z-score of children aged one, two, and three years. One IQR increase of PM2.5, OC, EC, NO3−, NH4+, and SO42− (21.30 μg/m3, 11.52 μg/m3, 2.40 μg/m3, 8.28 μg/m3, 2.42 μg/m3, and 8.80 μg/m3, respectively) was associated with 0.13 (95%CI: 0.10, 0.16), 0.24 (95%CI: 0.19, 0.29), 0.12 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.16), 0.13 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.17), 0.11 (95%CI: 0.08, 0.13), and 0.24 (95%CI: 0.19, 0.30) increase in BMI Z-score from one to three years old, respectively. Conclusion: The study suggested that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was associated with higher BMI Z-score of children in the first three years. Public health policy for controlling harmful PM2.5 constituents should be developed to promote child health.

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U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116326

DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116326

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SN - 0013-9351

VL - 232

JO - Environmental Research

JF - Environmental Research

M1 - 116326

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