TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E-3) Consortium
AU - Williams, KM
AU - Verhoeven, Virginie
AU - Cumberland, P
AU - Bertelsen, G
AU - Wolfram, C
AU - Buitendijk, Gabriëlle
AU - Hofman, Bert
AU - Duijn, Cornelia
AU - Vingerling, Hans
AU - Kuijpers, Robert
AU - Hohn, R
AU - Mirshahi, A
AU - Khawaja, AP
AU - Luben, RN
AU - Erke, MG
AU - von Hanno, T
AU - Mahroo, O
AU - Hogg, R
AU - Gieger, C
AU - Cougnard-Gregoire, A
AU - Anastasopoulos, E
AU - Bron, A
AU - Dartigues, JF
AU - Korobelnik, JF
AU - Creuzot-Garcher, C
AU - Topouzis, F
AU - Delcourt, C
AU - Rahi, J
AU - Meitinger, T
AU - Fletcher, A
AU - Foster, PJ
AU - Pfeiffer, N
AU - Klaver, Caroline
AU - Hammond, CJ
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - To estimate the prevalence of refractive error in adults across Europe. Refractive data (mean spherical equivalent) collected between 1990 and 2013 from fifteen population-based cohort and cross-sectional studies of the European Eye Epidemiology (E-3) Consortium were combined in a random effects meta-analysis stratified by 5-year age intervals and gender. Participants were excluded if they were identified as having had cataract surgery, retinal detachment, refractive surgery or other factors that might influence refraction. Estimates of refractive error prevalence were obtained including the following classifications: myopia a parts per thousand currency signa'0.75 diopters (D), high myopia a parts per thousand currency signa'6D, hyperopia a parts per thousand yen1D and astigmatism a parts per thousand yen1D. Meta-analysis of refractive error was performed for 61,946 individuals from fifteen studies with median age ranging from 44 to 81 and minimal ethnic variation (98 % European ancestry). The age-standardised prevalences (using the 2010 European Standard Population, limited to those a parts per thousand yen25 and < 90 years old) were: myopia 30.6 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 30.4-30.9], high myopia 2.7 % (95 % CI 2.69-2.73), hyperopia 25.2 % (95 % CI 25.0-25.4) and astigmatism 23.9 % (95 % CI 23.7-24.1). Age-specific estimates revealed a high prevalence of myopia in younger participants [47.2 % (CI 41.8-52.5) in 25-29 years-olds]. Refractive error affects just over a half of European adults. The greatest burden of refractive error is due to myopia, with high prevalence rates in young adults. Using the 2010 European population estimates, we estimate there are 227.2 million people with myopia across Europe.
AB - To estimate the prevalence of refractive error in adults across Europe. Refractive data (mean spherical equivalent) collected between 1990 and 2013 from fifteen population-based cohort and cross-sectional studies of the European Eye Epidemiology (E-3) Consortium were combined in a random effects meta-analysis stratified by 5-year age intervals and gender. Participants were excluded if they were identified as having had cataract surgery, retinal detachment, refractive surgery or other factors that might influence refraction. Estimates of refractive error prevalence were obtained including the following classifications: myopia a parts per thousand currency signa'0.75 diopters (D), high myopia a parts per thousand currency signa'6D, hyperopia a parts per thousand yen1D and astigmatism a parts per thousand yen1D. Meta-analysis of refractive error was performed for 61,946 individuals from fifteen studies with median age ranging from 44 to 81 and minimal ethnic variation (98 % European ancestry). The age-standardised prevalences (using the 2010 European Standard Population, limited to those a parts per thousand yen25 and < 90 years old) were: myopia 30.6 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 30.4-30.9], high myopia 2.7 % (95 % CI 2.69-2.73), hyperopia 25.2 % (95 % CI 25.0-25.4) and astigmatism 23.9 % (95 % CI 23.7-24.1). Age-specific estimates revealed a high prevalence of myopia in younger participants [47.2 % (CI 41.8-52.5) in 25-29 years-olds]. Refractive error affects just over a half of European adults. The greatest burden of refractive error is due to myopia, with high prevalence rates in young adults. Using the 2010 European population estimates, we estimate there are 227.2 million people with myopia across Europe.
U2 - 10.1007/s10654-015-0010-0
DO - 10.1007/s10654-015-0010-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 25784363
SN - 0393-2990
VL - 30
SP - 305
EP - 315
JO - European Journal of Epidemiology
JF - European Journal of Epidemiology
IS - 4
ER -