Proenkephalin and risk of developing chronic kidney disease: the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease study

Lyanne M. Kieneker; Oliver Hartmann; Andreas Bergmann; Rudolf A. de Boer; Ron T. Gansevoort; Michel M. Joosten; Joachim Struck; Stephan J.L. Bakker

doi:10.1080/1354750X.2018.1443514

Proenkephalin and risk of developing chronic kidney disease: the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease study

Lyanne M. Kieneker^*, Oliver Hartmann, Andreas Bergmann, Rudolf A. de Boer, Ron T. Gansevoort, Michel M. Joosten, Joachim Struck, Stephan J.L. Bakker

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

Background:

Proenkephalin (pro-ENK) was recently found to be associated with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The association of pro-ENK with urinary albumin excretion (UAE), another marker for chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not been investigated. We examined the association of pro-ENK with eGFR and UAE as markers of CKD.

Methods:

We included 4375 subjects of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study. CKD_eGFR was defined as development of eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m² and CKD_UAE as albuminuria >30 mg/24 h.

Results:

Baseline median pro-ENK was 52.2 (IQR: 44.9–60.5) pmol/L. After a median follow-up of 8.4 (IQR: 7.9–8.9) years, 183 subjects developed CKD_eGFR and 371 developed CKD_UAE. The association of pro-ENK with CKD_eGFR was modified by sex (P_interaction < 0.1), in such a way that after adjustment, the association only remained significant in men (adjusted hazard ratio per SD increase in ¹⁰log-transformed pro-ENK, 1.65; 95% CI: 1.15–2.36) and not in women (0.83; 0.58–1.20). No significant association was observed between pro-ENK and CKD_UAE risk (0.83; 0.58–1.20).

Conclusions:

High pro-ENK is associated with increased risk of CKD_eGFR in men, but not in women. No association of pro-ENK with CKD_UAE was observed. These results should be interpreted with caution, since residual confounding and potential overfitting of models could have influenced the results.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	474-482
Number of pages	9
Journal	Biomarkers
Volume	23
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750X.2018.1443514
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 8 Mar 2018
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

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10.1080/1354750X.2018.1443514Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

Proenkephalin and risk of developing chronic kidney diseaseFinal published version, 2.31 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Cite this

@article{57a28549f6c94c9aaffefb57972add37,

title = "Proenkephalin and risk of developing chronic kidney disease: the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease study",

abstract = "Background: Proenkephalin (pro-ENK) was recently found to be associated with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The association of pro-ENK with urinary albumin excretion (UAE), another marker for chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not been investigated. We examined the association of pro-ENK with eGFR and UAE as markers of CKD. Methods: We included 4375 subjects of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study. CKDeGFR was defined as development of eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and CKDUAE as albuminuria >30 mg/24 h. Results: Baseline median pro-ENK was 52.2 (IQR: 44.9–60.5) pmol/L. After a median follow-up of 8.4 (IQR: 7.9–8.9) years, 183 subjects developed CKDeGFR and 371 developed CKDUAE. The association of pro-ENK with CKDeGFR was modified by sex (Pinteraction < 0.1), in such a way that after adjustment, the association only remained significant in men (adjusted hazard ratio per SD increase in 10log-transformed pro-ENK, 1.65; 95% CI: 1.15–2.36) and not in women (0.83; 0.58–1.20). No significant association was observed between pro-ENK and CKDUAE risk (0.83; 0.58–1.20). Conclusions: High pro-ENK is associated with increased risk of CKDeGFR in men, but not in women. No association of pro-ENK with CKDUAE was observed. These results should be interpreted with caution, since residual confounding and potential overfitting of models could have influenced the results.",

author = "Kieneker, {Lyanne M.} and Oliver Hartmann and Andreas Bergmann and {de Boer}, {Rudolf A.} and Gansevoort, {Ron T.} and Joosten, {Michel M.} and Joachim Struck and Bakker, {Stephan J.L.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",

year = "2018",

month = mar,

day = "8",

doi = "10.1080/1354750X.2018.1443514",

language = "English",

volume = "23",

pages = "474--482",

journal = "Biomarkers",

issn = "1354-750X",

publisher = "Informa Healthcare",

number = "5",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Proenkephalin and risk of developing chronic kidney disease

T2 - the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease study

AU - Kieneker, Lyanne M.

AU - Hartmann, Oliver

AU - Bergmann, Andreas

AU - de Boer, Rudolf A.

AU - Gansevoort, Ron T.

AU - Joosten, Michel M.

AU - Struck, Joachim

AU - Bakker, Stephan J.L.

PY - 2018/3/8

Y1 - 2018/3/8

N2 - Background: Proenkephalin (pro-ENK) was recently found to be associated with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The association of pro-ENK with urinary albumin excretion (UAE), another marker for chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not been investigated. We examined the association of pro-ENK with eGFR and UAE as markers of CKD. Methods: We included 4375 subjects of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study. CKDeGFR was defined as development of eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and CKDUAE as albuminuria >30 mg/24 h. Results: Baseline median pro-ENK was 52.2 (IQR: 44.9–60.5) pmol/L. After a median follow-up of 8.4 (IQR: 7.9–8.9) years, 183 subjects developed CKDeGFR and 371 developed CKDUAE. The association of pro-ENK with CKDeGFR was modified by sex (Pinteraction < 0.1), in such a way that after adjustment, the association only remained significant in men (adjusted hazard ratio per SD increase in 10log-transformed pro-ENK, 1.65; 95% CI: 1.15–2.36) and not in women (0.83; 0.58–1.20). No significant association was observed between pro-ENK and CKDUAE risk (0.83; 0.58–1.20). Conclusions: High pro-ENK is associated with increased risk of CKDeGFR in men, but not in women. No association of pro-ENK with CKDUAE was observed. These results should be interpreted with caution, since residual confounding and potential overfitting of models could have influenced the results.

AB - Background: Proenkephalin (pro-ENK) was recently found to be associated with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The association of pro-ENK with urinary albumin excretion (UAE), another marker for chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not been investigated. We examined the association of pro-ENK with eGFR and UAE as markers of CKD. Methods: We included 4375 subjects of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study. CKDeGFR was defined as development of eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and CKDUAE as albuminuria >30 mg/24 h. Results: Baseline median pro-ENK was 52.2 (IQR: 44.9–60.5) pmol/L. After a median follow-up of 8.4 (IQR: 7.9–8.9) years, 183 subjects developed CKDeGFR and 371 developed CKDUAE. The association of pro-ENK with CKDeGFR was modified by sex (Pinteraction < 0.1), in such a way that after adjustment, the association only remained significant in men (adjusted hazard ratio per SD increase in 10log-transformed pro-ENK, 1.65; 95% CI: 1.15–2.36) and not in women (0.83; 0.58–1.20). No significant association was observed between pro-ENK and CKDUAE risk (0.83; 0.58–1.20). Conclusions: High pro-ENK is associated with increased risk of CKDeGFR in men, but not in women. No association of pro-ENK with CKDUAE was observed. These results should be interpreted with caution, since residual confounding and potential overfitting of models could have influenced the results.

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U2 - 10.1080/1354750X.2018.1443514

DO - 10.1080/1354750X.2018.1443514

M3 - Article

C2 - 29466891

AN - SCOPUS:85043342207

SN - 1354-750X

VL - 23

SP - 474

EP - 482

JO - Biomarkers

JF - Biomarkers

IS - 5

ER -

Proenkephalin and risk of developing chronic kidney disease: the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease study

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