Regulatory and valuation challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer

Advances in innovative drug development translated into tangible improvements in clinical outcomes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has transformed the standard of care for NSCLC patients. Although ICIs have brought meaningful opportunities in NSCLC care and transformed the treatment landscape, their regulatory decisions and economic value assessments pose important challenges. In this research, regulatory and valuation challenges of ICIs in NSCLC were explored to help support the future use of ICIs in health systems.