Abstract
Objective To identify and quantify potential risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) following traumatic knee injury. Design Systematic review and meta-analyses that estimated the odds of OA for individual risk factors assessed in more than four studies using random-effects models. Remaining risk factors underwent semiquantitative synthesis. The modified GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach for prognostic factors guided the assessment. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL searched from inception to 2009-2021. Eligibility Randomised controlled trials and cohort studies assessing risk factors for symptomatic or structural OA in persons with a traumatic knee injury, mean injury age≤30 years and minimum 2-year follow-up.Results Across 66 included studies, 81 unique potential risk factors were identified. High risk of bias due to attrition or confounding was present in 64% and 49% of studies, respectively. Ten risk factors for structural OA underwent meta-analysis (sex, rehabilitation for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, ACL reconstruction (ACLR), ACLR age, ACLR body mass index, ACLR graft source, ACLR graft augmentation, ACLR+cartilage injury, ACLR+partial meniscectomy, ACLR+total medial meniscectomy). Very-low certainty evidence suggests increased odds of structural OA related to ACLR+cartilage injury (OR=2.31; 95% CI 1.35 to 3.94), ACLR+partial meniscectomy (OR=1.87; 1.45 to 2.42) and ACLR+total medial meniscectomy (OR=3.14; 2.20 to 4.48). Semiquantitative syntheses identified moderate-certainty evidence that cruciate ligament, collateral ligament, meniscal, chondral, patellar/tibiofemoral dislocation, fracture and multistructure injuries increase the odds of symptomatic OA.Conclusion Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that various single and multistructure knee injuries (beyond ACL tears) increase the odds of symptomatic OA. Risk factor heterogeneity, high risk of bias, and inconsistency in risk factors and OA definition make identifying treatment targets for preventing post-traumatic knee OA challenging.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 105496 |
| Pages (from-to) | 1406-1421 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | British Journal of Sports Medicine |
| Volume | 56 |
| Issue number | 24 |
| Early online date | 2 Sept 2022 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2 Sept 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:JLW and AGC are associate editors of the British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM). JLW is an editor with the Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. KMC is a senior advisor of BJSM, project leader of the Good Life with Osteoarthritis from Denmark (GLA:D) – Australia a not-for profit initiative to implement clinical guidelines in primary care, and holds a research grant from Levin Health outside the submitted work. CBJ an associate editor of Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. JBT holds a research grant from Pfizer outside the submitted work. ER is deputy editor of Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, developer of Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and several other freely available patient-reported outcome measures, and founder of the GLA:D). All other authors declare no competing interests.
Funding Information:
Initial priority theme setting for the OPTIKNEE consensus ( https://bit.ly/OPTIKNEE ) was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Planning and Dissemination Grant (principal investigator JLW #161821) and a La Trobe University Research Focus Area Collaboration Grant (principal investigator AGC). The funders had no role in any part of the study or in any decision about publication.
Funding Information:
JLW is supported by a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research a Scholar Award (SCH-2020-0403) and an Arthritis Society STAR Career Development Award (STAR-19-0493). JML is supported by the Arthritis Society. LKT is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Fellowship. AGC is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Investigator Grant (GNT2008523). The authors would like to acknowledge librarian scientist Wichor M. Bramer, PhD (Erasmus MC) who performed the database searches, librarian scientist Charlotte Beck (UBC) who assisted in translating the MEDLINE search strategy into SPORTDiscus and other OPTIKNEE review leads Bjørnar Berg, Stephanie Filbay, Pætur Holm, Erin Macri, Britt Elin Øiestad, May Arna Risberg, and Anouk Urhausen for their methodological input.
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