Shifting proximities: The maritime ports sector in an era of global supply Chains

HALL P. V. and JACOBS W. Shifting proximities: the maritime ports sector in an era of global supply chains, Regional Studies. Economic eographers argue that spatial and non-spatial dimensions of proximity are central to innovation and collective action. The arious dimensions of proximity in relation to maritime ports are examined. Global supply chains represent a shift in organizational nd cognitive proximities between seaports and among port users. In the process, extra-local relationships have become even more nfluential in maritime port development. As organizational proximity between dominant port users has increased through vertical nd horizontal integration, territorially based institutional and social proximities, especially as regards stable and shared regulatory ystems, are increasingly important as a counterbalance to ensure openness to innovation and upgrading.