TY - JOUR
T1 - T1 relaxation
T2 - Chemo-physical fundamentals of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical applications
AU - Gaeta, Michele
AU - Galletta, Karol
AU - Cavallaro, Marco
AU - Mormina, Enricomaria
AU - Cannizzaro, Maria Teresa
AU - Lanzafame, Ludovica Rosa Maria
AU - D’Angelo, Tommaso
AU - Blandino, Alfredo
AU - Vinci, Sergio Lucio
AU - Granata, Francesca
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/8/9
Y1 - 2024/8/9
N2 - Abstract: A knowledge of the complex phenomena that regulate T1 signal on Magnetic Resonance Imaging is essential in clinical practice for a more effective characterization of pathological processes. The authors review the physical basis of T1 Relaxation Time and the fundamental aspects of physics and chemistry that can influence this parameter. The main substances (water, fat, macromolecules, methemoglobin, melanin, Gadolinium, calcium) that influence T1 and the different MRI acquisition techniques that can be applied to enhance their presence in diagnostic images are then evaluated. An extensive case illustration of the different phenomena and techniques in the areas of CNS, abdomino-pelvic, and osteoarticular pathology is also proposed. Critical relevance statement: T1 relaxation time is strongly influenced by numerous factors related to tissue characteristics and the presence in the context of the lesions of some specific substances. An examination of these phenomena with extensive MRI exemplification is reported. Key Points: The purpose of the paper is to illustrate the chemical-physical basis of T1 Relaxation Time. MRI methods in accordance with the various clinical indications are listed. Several examples of clinical application in abdominopelvic and CNS pathology are reported. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)
AB - Abstract: A knowledge of the complex phenomena that regulate T1 signal on Magnetic Resonance Imaging is essential in clinical practice for a more effective characterization of pathological processes. The authors review the physical basis of T1 Relaxation Time and the fundamental aspects of physics and chemistry that can influence this parameter. The main substances (water, fat, macromolecules, methemoglobin, melanin, Gadolinium, calcium) that influence T1 and the different MRI acquisition techniques that can be applied to enhance their presence in diagnostic images are then evaluated. An extensive case illustration of the different phenomena and techniques in the areas of CNS, abdomino-pelvic, and osteoarticular pathology is also proposed. Critical relevance statement: T1 relaxation time is strongly influenced by numerous factors related to tissue characteristics and the presence in the context of the lesions of some specific substances. An examination of these phenomena with extensive MRI exemplification is reported. Key Points: The purpose of the paper is to illustrate the chemical-physical basis of T1 Relaxation Time. MRI methods in accordance with the various clinical indications are listed. Several examples of clinical application in abdominopelvic and CNS pathology are reported. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85201240943&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s13244-024-01744-2
DO - 10.1186/s13244-024-01744-2
M3 - Review article
C2 - 39120775
AN - SCOPUS:85201240943
SN - 1869-4101
VL - 15
JO - Insights into Imaging
JF - Insights into Imaging
IS - 1
M1 - 200
ER -