TY - JOUR
T1 - The Effect of Nationwide Organized Cancer Screening Programs on Gastric Cancer Mortality
T2 - a Synthetic Control Study
AU - Sun, Dianqin
AU - Mülder, Duco T
AU - Li, Yige
AU - Nieboer, Daan
AU - Park, Jin Young
AU - Suh, Mina
AU - Hamashima, Chisato
AU - Han, Weiran
AU - O'Mahony, James F
AU - Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Iris
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024/3
Y1 - 2024/3
N2 - Background & Aims: Nationwide organized gastric cancer (GC) screening programs have been running for decades in South Korea and Japan. This study conducted a quasi-experimental analysis to assess the population impact of these programs on GC mortality. Methods: We used the flexible synthetic control method (SCM) to estimate the effect of the screening programs on age-standardized GC mortality and other upper gastrointestinal (UGI) diseases (esophageal cancer and peptic ulcer) among people aged ≥40 years. World Health Organization mortality data and country-level covariates from the World Bank and the Global Burden of Diseases study were used for the analyses. We compared postintervention trends in outcome with the counterfactual trend of the synthetic control and estimated average postintervention rate ratios (RRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: The preintervention fits were acceptable for the analyses of South Korea and Japan's GC mortality but poor for Japan's other UGI disease mortality. The average postintervention RRs were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71–0.96) for GC mortality and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.57–0.90) for other UGI disease mortality in South Korea. The RR reached 0.59 by the 15th year after the initiation of nationwide screening. For Japan, the average RRs were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.88–1.07) for GC mortality and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.68–1.28) for other UGI disease mortality. Sensitivity analysis reveals the result for Japan may potentially be biased. Conclusions: South Korea's nationwide GC screening has apparent benefits, whereas the Japanese program's effectiveness is uncertain. The experiences of South Korea and Japan could serve as a reference for other countries.
AB - Background & Aims: Nationwide organized gastric cancer (GC) screening programs have been running for decades in South Korea and Japan. This study conducted a quasi-experimental analysis to assess the population impact of these programs on GC mortality. Methods: We used the flexible synthetic control method (SCM) to estimate the effect of the screening programs on age-standardized GC mortality and other upper gastrointestinal (UGI) diseases (esophageal cancer and peptic ulcer) among people aged ≥40 years. World Health Organization mortality data and country-level covariates from the World Bank and the Global Burden of Diseases study were used for the analyses. We compared postintervention trends in outcome with the counterfactual trend of the synthetic control and estimated average postintervention rate ratios (RRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: The preintervention fits were acceptable for the analyses of South Korea and Japan's GC mortality but poor for Japan's other UGI disease mortality. The average postintervention RRs were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71–0.96) for GC mortality and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.57–0.90) for other UGI disease mortality in South Korea. The RR reached 0.59 by the 15th year after the initiation of nationwide screening. For Japan, the average RRs were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.88–1.07) for GC mortality and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.68–1.28) for other UGI disease mortality. Sensitivity analysis reveals the result for Japan may potentially be biased. Conclusions: South Korea's nationwide GC screening has apparent benefits, whereas the Japanese program's effectiveness is uncertain. The experiences of South Korea and Japan could serve as a reference for other countries.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85184075520&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.286
DO - 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.286
M3 - Article
C2 - 38007053
SN - 0016-5085
VL - 166
SP - 503
EP - 514
JO - Gastroenterology
JF - Gastroenterology
IS - 3
ER -