The Effect of Nationwide Organized Cancer Screening Programs on Gastric Cancer Mortality: a Synthetic Control Study

Dianqin Sun*, Duco T Mülder, Yige Li, Daan Nieboer, Jin Young Park, Mina Suh, Chisato Hamashima, Weiran Han, James F O'Mahony, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)
65 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background & Aims: Nationwide organized gastric cancer (GC) screening programs have been running for decades in South Korea and Japan. This study conducted a quasi-experimental analysis to assess the population impact of these programs on GC mortality. Methods: We used the flexible synthetic control method (SCM) to estimate the effect of the screening programs on age-standardized GC mortality and other upper gastrointestinal (UGI) diseases (esophageal cancer and peptic ulcer) among people aged ≥40 years. World Health Organization mortality data and country-level covariates from the World Bank and the Global Burden of Diseases study were used for the analyses. We compared postintervention trends in outcome with the counterfactual trend of the synthetic control and estimated average postintervention rate ratios (RRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: The preintervention fits were acceptable for the analyses of South Korea and Japan's GC mortality but poor for Japan's other UGI disease mortality. The average postintervention RRs were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71–0.96) for GC mortality and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.57–0.90) for other UGI disease mortality in South Korea. The RR reached 0.59 by the 15th year after the initiation of nationwide screening. For Japan, the average RRs were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.88–1.07) for GC mortality and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.68–1.28) for other UGI disease mortality. Sensitivity analysis reveals the result for Japan may potentially be biased. Conclusions: South Korea's nationwide GC screening has apparent benefits, whereas the Japanese program's effectiveness is uncertain. The experiences of South Korea and Japan could serve as a reference for other countries.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)503-514
Number of pages12
JournalGastroenterology
Volume166
Issue number3
Early online date24 Nov 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Mar 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'The Effect of Nationwide Organized Cancer Screening Programs on Gastric Cancer Mortality: a Synthetic Control Study'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this