The entrepreneurial ladder, gender and regional development

Peter van der Zwan, Ingrid Verheul, Roy Thurik

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

99 Citations (Scopus)
46 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Gender differences at five levels of entrepreneurial engagement are explained using country effects while controlling for individual-level variables. We distinguish between individuals who have never considered starting up a business, those who are thinking about it, and nascent, young, and established entrepreneurs. We use a large international dataset that includes respondents from 32 European countries, three Asian countries, and the United States. Findings show that cross-country gender differences are largest in the first and final transitions of the entrepreneurial process. In particular, some European transition economies are characterized by relatively low propensities of women to convert start-up considerations into start-up activities and low survival rates of businesses started by women.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)627-643
Number of pages17
JournalSmall Business Economics
Volume39
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2012

Research programs

  • EUR ESE 30
  • RSM ORG

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