The influence of job and parental strain on typically and atypically developing children: a vicious circle?

This theoretical article tries to answer the question how job and parental strain influence the development of children. We propose a conceptual model with possible mediators and moderators of the relationship between job strain and child development. Research shows that parents experiencing strain are less involved with their children. Several propositions are developed regarding the consequences of reduced involvement for the child. It is proposed that children with stressed parents are more likely to become insecurely attached and have fewer modelling opportunities. These relationships should not be as severe for children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder, and more severe for children with an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. However, it is also proposed that maladaptive child development leads to more parental strain. Implications for future research are discussed.