The Longitudinal Association Between Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: Separating Between-Person Effects from Within-Person Effects

M. Masselink; E. Van Roekel; B. L. Hankin; L. Keijsers; G. M.A. Lodder; J. Vanhalst; M. Verhagen; J. F. Young; A. J. Oldehinkel

doi:10.1002/per.2179

The Longitudinal Association Between Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: Separating Between-Person Effects from Within-Person Effects

M. Masselink^*, E. Van Roekel, B. L. Hankin, L. Keijsers, G. M.A. Lodder, J. Vanhalst, M. Verhagen, J. F. Young, A. J. Oldehinkel

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

84 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Many longitudinal studies have investigated whether self-esteem predicts depressive symptoms (vulnerability model) or the other way around (scar model) in adolescents. The most common method of analysis has been the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM). The CLPM does not separate between-person effects from within-person effects, making it unclear whether the results from previous studies actually reflect the within-person effects or whether they reflect differences between people. We investigated the associations between self-esteem and depressive symptoms at the within-person level, using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs). To get an impression of the magnitude of possible differences between the RI-CLPM and the CLPM, we compared the results of both models. We used data from three longitudinal adolescent samples (age range: 7–18 years; study 1: N = 1948; study 2: N = 1455; study 3: N = 316). Intervals between the measurements were 1–1.5 years. Single-paper meta-analyses showed support for small within-person associations from self-esteem to depressive symptoms, but not the other way around, thus only providing some support for the vulnerability model. The cross-lagged associations in the aggregated RI-CLPM and CLPM showed similar effect sizes. Overall, our results show that over 1- to 1.5-year time intervals, low self-esteem may negatively influence depressive symptoms over time within adolescents, but only weakly so.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	653-671
Number of pages	19
Journal	European Journal of Personality
Volume	32
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2179
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by a Vici grant (016.001/002) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to A. J. Oldehinkel. Research reported in study 1 was supported by a Veni grant (451-12-038) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to M. Verhagen. Funding for the results of study 2 was provided by grant OT/08/013 of the Research Council, KU Leuven. Research reported in study 3 was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health grants, R01MH077195, R01MH105501, and R21MH102210, awarded to B. L. Hankin and R01MH077178 to J. F. Young.

Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by a Vici grant (016.001/002) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to A.?J. Oldehinkel. Research reported in study 1 was supported by a Veni grant (451-12-038) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to M. Verhagen. Funding for the results of study 2 was provided by grant OT/08/013 of the Research Council, KU Leuven. Research reported in study 3 was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health grants, R01MH077195, R01MH105501, and R21MH102210, awarded to B.?L. Hankin and R01MH077178 to J.?F. Young.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

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10.1002/per.2179

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Masselink, M., Van Roekel, E., Hankin, B. L., Keijsers, L., Lodder, G. M. A., Vanhalst, J., Verhagen, M., Young, J. F., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2018). The Longitudinal Association Between Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: Separating Between-Person Effects from Within-Person Effects. European Journal of Personality, 32(6), 653-671. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2179

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abstract = "Many longitudinal studies have investigated whether self-esteem predicts depressive symptoms (vulnerability model) or the other way around (scar model) in adolescents. The most common method of analysis has been the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM). The CLPM does not separate between-person effects from within-person effects, making it unclear whether the results from previous studies actually reflect the within-person effects or whether they reflect differences between people. We investigated the associations between self-esteem and depressive symptoms at the within-person level, using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs). To get an impression of the magnitude of possible differences between the RI-CLPM and the CLPM, we compared the results of both models. We used data from three longitudinal adolescent samples (age range: 7–18 years; study 1: N = 1948; study 2: N = 1455; study 3: N = 316). Intervals between the measurements were 1–1.5 years. Single-paper meta-analyses showed support for small within-person associations from self-esteem to depressive symptoms, but not the other way around, thus only providing some support for the vulnerability model. The cross-lagged associations in the aggregated RI-CLPM and CLPM showed similar effect sizes. Overall, our results show that over 1- to 1.5-year time intervals, low self-esteem may negatively influence depressive symptoms over time within adolescents, but only weakly so.",

author = "M. Masselink and {Van Roekel}, E. and Hankin, {B. L.} and L. Keijsers and Lodder, {G. M.A.} and J. Vanhalst and M. Verhagen and Young, {J. F.} and Oldehinkel, {A. J.}",

note = "Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by a Vici grant (016.001/002) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to A. J. Oldehinkel. Research reported in study 1 was supported by a Veni grant (451-12-038) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to M. Verhagen. Funding for the results of study 2 was provided by grant OT/08/013 of the Research Council, KU Leuven. Research reported in study 3 was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health grants, R01MH077195, R01MH105501, and R21MH102210, awarded to B. L. Hankin and R01MH077178 to J. F. Young. Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by a Vici grant (016.001/002) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to A.?J. Oldehinkel. Research reported in study 1 was supported by a Veni grant (451-12-038) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to M. Verhagen. Funding for the results of study 2 was provided by grant OT/08/013 of the Research Council, KU Leuven. Research reported in study 3 was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health grants, R01MH077195, R01MH105501, and R21MH102210, awarded to B.?L. Hankin and R01MH077178 to J.?F. Young. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology",

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Masselink, M, Van Roekel, E, Hankin, BL, Keijsers, L, Lodder, GMA, Vanhalst, J, Verhagen, M, Young, JF & Oldehinkel, AJ 2018, 'The Longitudinal Association Between Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: Separating Between-Person Effects from Within-Person Effects', European Journal of Personality, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 653-671. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2179

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AU - Masselink, M.

AU - Van Roekel, E.

AU - Hankin, B. L.

AU - Keijsers, L.

AU - Lodder, G. M.A.

AU - Vanhalst, J.

AU - Verhagen, M.

AU - Young, J. F.

AU - Oldehinkel, A. J.

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PY - 2018/11/1

Y1 - 2018/11/1

N2 - Many longitudinal studies have investigated whether self-esteem predicts depressive symptoms (vulnerability model) or the other way around (scar model) in adolescents. The most common method of analysis has been the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM). The CLPM does not separate between-person effects from within-person effects, making it unclear whether the results from previous studies actually reflect the within-person effects or whether they reflect differences between people. We investigated the associations between self-esteem and depressive symptoms at the within-person level, using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs). To get an impression of the magnitude of possible differences between the RI-CLPM and the CLPM, we compared the results of both models. We used data from three longitudinal adolescent samples (age range: 7–18 years; study 1: N = 1948; study 2: N = 1455; study 3: N = 316). Intervals between the measurements were 1–1.5 years. Single-paper meta-analyses showed support for small within-person associations from self-esteem to depressive symptoms, but not the other way around, thus only providing some support for the vulnerability model. The cross-lagged associations in the aggregated RI-CLPM and CLPM showed similar effect sizes. Overall, our results show that over 1- to 1.5-year time intervals, low self-esteem may negatively influence depressive symptoms over time within adolescents, but only weakly so.

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The Longitudinal Association Between Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: Separating Between-Person Effects from Within-Person Effects

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